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特斯拉交车超预期仍难提振获利!小摩估2028年迎转折、维持中立评级与415美元目标价

2026-10-27 22:35:29 网络 阅读(86)

特斯拉(TSLA-US) 第3季交车量优于市场预期,却未能消除华尔街对其短期获利能力的疑虑。摩根大通在特斯拉公布最新交车数据后,维持「中立」评级及每股415美元目标价,认为尽管交车表现亮眼,汽车毛利率低迷与研发支出攀升仍将持续压抑获利,预估每股盈余(EPS)要到2028年才会迎来明显转折,之后有望进入年复合成长率超过50%的成长阶段。

特斯拉交车超预期仍难提振获利!小摩估2028年迎转折、维持中立评级与415美元目标价

摩根大通预估,特斯拉2026年及2027年调整后EPS分别为1.43美元及1.45美元,明显低于彭博市场共识的1.65美元及2.22美元。

以每股354美元的股价计算,特斯拉2026年本益比约达248倍。摩根大通自2023年10月起,曾长期维持特斯拉「减码」评级,直到今年6月才调升至「中立」。

不过,即使评级转趋中性,该行对特斯拉近期获利的预测仍显著低于市场预期。

第3季交车优于预期 储能业务表现不如预期

特斯拉第3季交车量达48.65万辆,较摩根大通原先预估高出约1%,也分别超出公司汇整的市场共识约5%及彭博共识约3%。

其中,Model 3与Model Y合计交车约47.82万辆,较公司汇整的市场共识高出6%;其他车款交车约8,300辆,高于摩根大通预估的6,500辆,但低于市场共识的1.13万辆。

区域市场方面,欧洲成为本季亮点。全自动辅助驾驶(FSD)已在克罗埃西亚、斯洛维尼亚及捷克取得监管批准。

南韩与澳洲销量也分别年增15%及21%,摩根大通将这两个市场视为FSD启用后,有助于观察需求变化的参考案例。不过,欧盟全境针对FSD的审批投票,已从原定10月延后至12月。

美国市场销量则年减26%,但摩根大通认为,主要受到去年联邦税收抵免政策到期前,消费者提前购车所形成的高基期影响,预期从第4季起,美国市场的年减压力将明显缓解。

相较于汽车交车表现,特斯拉储能业务未达市场预期。第3季储能部署量约13.7 GWh,低于摩根大通预估的15 GWh、彭博共识的15.3 GWh,以及公司汇整的市场共识15.9 GWh,抵销部分汽车业务带来的利多。

至于Robotaxi布局,德州已登记的Cybercab数量超过100辆,但实际投入营运的车队规模仍小。摩根大通指出,FSD v15的推出进度,将是10月21日特斯拉第3季财报公布时的重要观察焦点。

毛利率与研发支出双重承压 自由现金流恐转负

摩根大通维持低于市场共识的EPS预测,主要考虑到汽车毛利率持续低迷,以及营运支出快速增加。

该行预估,特斯拉2026年及2027年整体毛利率均为18%,直到2028年才回升至20%。营业利益率(EBIT margin)的压力则更为明显,预估2026年仅1.3%,2027年进一步降至1.1%,2028年才回升至3.5%。

支出持续攀升是压抑获利的重要因素。摩根大通预估,特斯拉研发费用将从2025年的64亿美元,大幅增加至2026年的96亿美元,2027年及2028年进一步升至118亿美元及134亿美元,反映公司持续投入Robotaxi、Optimus人形机器人及FSD等新业务。

资本支出同样维持高档。摩根大通预估,特斯拉2026年资本支出将达233亿美元,相当于营收的21.5%,2027年及2028年则分别达240亿美元及250亿美元。

庞大的投资需求也将对现金流造成压力。摩根大通预估,特斯拉自由现金流将从2025年的正72亿美元,急转为2026年的负100亿美元,2027年及2028年分别为负119亿美元及负95亿美元。

为支应持续扩大的资金需求,摩根大通预估,特斯拉2026年至2028年累计净增加约300亿美元债务,资产负债表也将从净现金转为净负债。

2028年迎获利转折 Robotaxi与Optimus成长潜力受关注

摩根大通预估,特斯拉调整后EPS将从2027年的1.45美元,成长至2028年的2.15美元,年增约48%;2029年及2030年则进一步攀升至3.50美元及6美元,呈现超过50%的年复合成长率。

这波获利成长的主要动能,预料不再来自传统汽车销售,而是FSD订阅、充电网路等服务业务的扩张。

摩根大通预估,特斯拉汽车业务营收将从2026年的769亿美元,增加至2028年的918亿美元;相较之下,服务业务营收将从2026年的183亿美元,大幅增至2028年的370亿美元,并于2030年达到836亿美元。

在估值方面,摩根大通采用本益比法与分部加总估值法(SoTP),各占目标价计算的50%,得出每股415美元的目标价。

其中,本益比法以2030年EPS为基础,给予75倍本益比,经折现后得出每股354美元的估值。

分部加总估值法则描绘特斯拉2035年的业务发展潜力,预估Robotaxi营收可达3,190亿美元,并以5倍企业价值营收比(EV/Revenue)估值,对应约1.58兆美元市值;Optimus人形机器人营收则预估达470亿美元,以15倍估值计算,贡献约7,050亿美元。

此外,FSD订阅与AI运算授权等高利润业务,合计可望贡献超过1兆美元价值。整体而言,摩根大通估算特斯拉2035年企业价值约达3.9兆美元,折现后对应每股476美元。

不过,摩根大通也提醒,这些新兴市场不太可能在2029年以前出现实质性的成长转折。在长期成长潜力逐步兑现前,特斯拉股价仍将高度受到Robotaxi与Optimus的阶段性发展影响。

此外,AI相关大型企业首次公开募股(IPO)可能在此期间吸引市场资金,形成资金分流压力。

摩根大通也将执行长马斯克参与政治活动可能对品牌造成的影响,以及Robotaxi与Optimus在执行进度及监管方面的不确定性,列为特斯拉面临的下行风险。

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该行指汽车毛利率低迷、研发与资本支出攀升,将使2026年自由现金流转负,获利转折估至2028年。",
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    "content": "<p>特斯拉(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:TSLA:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">TSLA-US</a>) 第3季交车量优于市场预期,却未能消除华尔街对其短期获利能力的疑虑。摩根大通在特斯拉公布最新交车数据后,维持「中立」评级及每股415美元目标价,认为尽管交车表现亮眼,汽车毛利率低迷与研发支出攀升仍将持续压抑获利,预估每股盈余(EPS)要到2028年才会迎来明显转折,之后有望进入年复合成长率超过50%的成长阶段。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6620992/l/b62e8bfa785a13ea676e4f96dc9d196c.jpg\" alt=\"特斯拉交车超预期仍难提振获利!小摩估2028年迎转折、维持中立评级与415美元目标价\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>摩根大通预估,特斯拉2026年及2027年调整后EPS分别为1.43美元及1.45美元,明显低于彭博市场共识的1.65美元及2.22美元。</p>\n\n<p>以每股354美元的股价计算,特斯拉2026年本益比约达248倍。摩根大通自2023年10月起,曾长期维持特斯拉「减码」评级,直到今年6月才调升至「中立」。</p>\n\n<p>不过,即使评级转趋中性,该行对特斯拉近期获利的预测仍显著低于市场预期。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>第</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>季交车优于预期 储能业务表现不如预期</strong></h6>\n\n<p>特斯拉第3季交车量达48.65万辆,较摩根大通原先预估高出约1%,也分别超出公司汇整的市场共识约5%及彭博共识约3%。</p>\n\n<p>其中,Model 3与Model Y合计交车约47.82万辆,较公司汇整的市场共识高出6%;其他车款交车约8,300辆,高于摩根大通预估的6,500辆,但低于市场共识的1.13万辆。</p>\n\n<p>区域市场方面,欧洲成为本季亮点。全自动辅助驾驶(FSD)已在克罗埃西亚、斯洛维尼亚及捷克取得监管批准。</p>\n\n<p>南韩与澳洲销量也分别年增15%及21%,摩根大通将这两个市场视为FSD启用后,有助于观察需求变化的参考案例。不过,欧盟全境针对FSD的审批投票,已从原定10月延后至12月。</p>\n\n<p>美国市场销量则年减26%,但摩根大通认为,主要受到去年联邦税收抵免政策到期前,消费者提前购车所形成的高基期影响,预期从第4季起,美国市场的年减压力将明显缓解。</p>\n\n<p>相较于汽车交车表现,特斯拉储能业务未达市场预期。第3季储能部署量约13.7 GWh,低于摩根大通预估的15 GWh、彭博共识的15.3 GWh,以及公司汇整的市场共识15.9 GWh,抵销部分汽车业务带来的利多。</p>\n\n<p>至于Robotaxi布局,德州已登记的Cybercab数量超过100辆,但实际投入营运的车队规模仍小。摩根大通指出,FSD v15的推出进度,将是10月21日特斯拉第3季财报公布时的重要观察焦点。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>毛利率与</strong><strong>研</strong><strong>发支出双重承压 自由现金流恐转负</strong></h6>\n\n<p>摩根大通维持低于市场共识的EPS预测,主要考虑到汽车毛利率持续低迷,以及营运支出快速增加。</p>\n\n<p>该行预估,特斯拉2026年及2027年整体毛利率均为18%,直到2028年才回升至20%。营业利益率(EBIT margin)的压力则更为明显,预估2026年仅1.3%,2027年进一步降至1.1%,2028年才回升至3.5%。</p>\n\n<p>支出持续攀升是压抑获利的重要因素。摩根大通预估,特斯拉研发费用将从2025年的64亿美元,大幅增加至2026年的96亿美元,2027年及2028年进一步升至118亿美元及134亿美元,反映公司持续投入Robotaxi、Optimus人形机器人及FSD等新业务。</p>\n\n<p>资本支出同样维持高档。摩根大通预估,特斯拉2026年资本支出将达233亿美元,相当于营收的21.5%,2027年及2028年则分别达240亿美元及250亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>庞大的投资需求也将对现金流造成压力。摩根大通预估,特斯拉自由现金流将从2025年的正72亿美元,急转为2026年的负100亿美元,2027年及2028年分别为负119亿美元及负95亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>为支应持续扩大的资金需求,摩根大通预估,特斯拉2026年至2028年累计净增加约300亿美元债务,资产负债表也将从净现金转为净负债。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>2028</strong><strong>年迎获利转折 </strong><strong>Robotaxi</strong><strong>与</strong><strong>Optimus</strong><strong>成长潜力受关注</strong></h6>\n\n<p>摩根大通预估,特斯拉调整后EPS将从2027年的1.45美元,成长至2028年的2.15美元,年增约48%;2029年及2030年则进一步攀升至3.50美元及6美元,呈现超过50%的年复合成长率。</p>\n\n<p>这波获利成长的主要动能,预料不再来自传统汽车销售,而是FSD订阅、充电网路等服务业务的扩张。</p>\n\n<p>摩根大通预估,特斯拉汽车业务营收将从2026年的769亿美元,增加至2028年的918亿美元;相较之下,服务业务营收将从2026年的183亿美元,大幅增至2028年的370亿美元,并于2030年达到836亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>在估值方面,摩根大通采用本益比法与分部加总估值法(SoTP),各占目标价计算的50%,得出每股415美元的目标价。</p>\n\n<p>其中,本益比法以2030年EPS为基础,给予75倍本益比,经折现后得出每股354美元的估值。</p>\n\n<p>分部加总估值法则描绘特斯拉2035年的业务发展潜力,预估Robotaxi营收可达3,190亿美元,并以5倍企业价值营收比(EV/Revenue)估值,对应约1.58兆美元市值;Optimus人形机器人营收则预估达470亿美元,以15倍估值计算,贡献约7,050亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>此外,FSD订阅与AI运算授权等高利润业务,合计可望贡献超过1兆美元价值。整体而言,摩根大通估算特斯拉2035年企业价值约达3.9兆美元,折现后对应每股476美元。</p>\n\n<p>不过,摩根大通也提醒,这些新兴市场不太可能在2029年以前出现实质性的成长转折。在长期成长潜力逐步兑现前,特斯拉股价仍将高度受到Robotaxi与Optimus的阶段性发展影响。</p>\n\n<p>此外,AI相关大型企业首次公开募股(IPO)可能在此期间吸引市场资金,形成资金分流压力。</p>\n\n<p>摩根大通也将执行长马斯克参与政治活动可能对品牌造成的影响,以及Robotaxi与Optimus在执行进度及监管方面的不确定性,列为特斯拉面临的下行风险。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-9511.html\" title=\"南韩打炒房式降杠杆奏效!杠杆ETF交易急冻 晶片股波动降温\">南韩打炒房式降杠杆奏效!杠杆ETF交易急冻 晶片股波动降温</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-16431.html\" title=\"防范AI算力垄断!桥水基金:应该对巨头设「系统重要性」监管及算力持有上限\">防范AI算力垄断!桥水基金:应该对巨头设「系统重要性」监管及算力持有上限</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-12157.html\" title=\"AI硬体「抢飞机」掀空运新周期:亚洲—北美航线连续5个月双位数成长 货值占比破五成\">AI硬体「抢飞机」掀空运新周期:亚洲—北美航线连续5个月双位数成长 货值占比破五成</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-3488.html\" title=\"涉AI大模型「五眼联盟」情报单位罕见发联合声明\">涉AI大模型「五眼联盟」情报单位罕见发联合声明</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-18202.html\" title=\"苹果涨完换三星!记忆体荒推升Galaxy S26售价\">苹果涨完换三星!记忆体荒推升Galaxy S26售价</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-21125.html\" title=\"陆DRAM产能将激增31%!韩媒警告超级周期「只剩2至3年」 马斯克把期限再往前推一年\">陆DRAM产能将激增31%!韩媒警告超级周期「只剩2至3年」 马斯克把期限再往前推一年</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-10-03T12:10:02.000Z",
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