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HBM封装技术转向!三星、SK海力士同步决定:HBM4暂不导入混合键合

2026-09-10 20:48:33 网络 阅读(60)

过去两年被视为高频宽记忆体(HBM)封装技术重大跃进的混合键合(Hybrid Bonding),如今发展步调出现变化。随着 JEDEC 近期放宽 HBM4 设计规范,原本被认为势在必行的新技术不再迫切,两家南韩记忆体大厂三星和 SK 海力士 (SKHY-US) 也相继决定,HBM4 产品将持续沿用既有封装架构,而非提前导入混合键合。

HBM封装技术转向!三星、SK海力士同步决定:HBM4暂不导入混合键合

根据《ZDNet Korea》引述业界人士报导,三星和 SK 海力士两大记忆体厂已陆续决定,HBM4 暂不采用混合键合,最快也要等到 HBM4E 才有机会导入。

一名业内人士甚至直言,业界对 16 层堆叠的讨论已明显降温,就算进入 HBM4E 世代,12 层堆叠仍可能是主流选择。

促成这个转向的关键,是国际半导体标准组织 JEDEC 的一项技术性调整:HBM 封装的高度上限,从 775 微米放宽至 1000 微米。

HBM 本质上是把多层 DRAM 晶粒层层堆叠,层数愈多,容量与频宽愈高,但封装高度存在物理天花板。

目前主流的热压键合制程,是靠层与层之间的微小金属凸块接合,工艺成熟、良率稳定,但凸块本身就要占用高度。12 层堆叠已逼近 775 微米的旧上限,若要往 16 层、20 层迈进,空间显得捉襟见肘。

这正是混合键合原本的卖点:拿掉凸块,直接让铜面对铜面贴合,同样高度能塞进更多层,散热表现也更佳。

但 JEDEC 放宽上限后,情势整个翻转。多出的 225 微米,让热压键合这套「老工法」不必升级,就足以应付 12 到 16 层的堆叠需求。一项原本被市场视为势在必行的技术革命,一夕之间失去了最直接的推力。

除了高度限制,混合键合的另一项优势在于散热。传统制程中,凸块周围需要填充绝缘胶材,这类材料导热性差,等于在每层 DRAM 之间夹了一层隔热棉,层数愈多、热量愈难排出;混合键合省去这道工序,理论上散热效率明显较佳。

不过三星与 SK 海力士各自找到了替代方案。三星开发出名为 HPB 的热传导路径技术,在封装内部加装独立导热柱,如同替堆叠结构装上多根「散热烟囱」;SK 海力士则推出 iHBM 方案,将电绝缘的导热矽元件直接嵌入 DRAM 层间,宣称可将热阻降低超过 30%。

两者的共通点是:不改变键合方式,只在封装结构上加装散热元件,代表混合键合原本独有的散热优势,如今已可透过其他工程手段补足。

正的关键买家辉达并不急

记忆体厂的技术路线,最终仍要看最大客户辉达 (NVDA-US) 的脸色。《ZDNet Korea》报导指出,辉达已经放缓对更高堆叠层数 HBM 的需求时程。

背后原因不难理解。16 层 HBM 代表单颗记忆体的容量与频宽同步翻倍,但这也要求 GPU 端的记忆体控制器与互连架构同步升级。

若辉达下一代平台只靠增加 12 层 HBM 的颗数就能满足频宽需求,自然没有诱因去催促记忆体厂冒险投入良率较低、成本较高的 16 层制程。

台积电 (2330-TW) 的 SoIC 先进封装技术,则从另一个角度缓解了高度压力。SoIC 让 GPU 与 HBM 进行 3D 垂直堆叠,GPU 封装本身变厚,反而让留给 HBM 的高度空间更加宽松。

换言之,未来的平台架构并非在压缩 HBM 的空间限制,而是在松绑它。

供应链:谁受益、谁承压

分析人士指出,这波技术路线的延后,对产业链的影响相当清晰。

传统热压键合设备厂是明显赢家。南韩的韩美半导体目前是全球 HBM 热压键合设备龙头,市占率 71.2%,混合键合每延后一个世代,其订单能见度就可望延长至少两年。

混合键合设备厂则是需求后移,但故事并未消失。荷兰 Besi 在全球混合键合设备市场约占 70% 份额;中国的拓荆科技已实现晶圆对晶圆混合键合量产,2025 年相关业务营收成长 41.92%;北方华创也已在今年推出晶片对晶圆混合键合设备。

由于这两家厂商目前的成长动能主要来自逻辑晶片领域,短期营收受影响有限,但「即将爆发」的市场叙事,确实被改写成「长期趋势不变、时程延后」的版本。

另一个可能被忽略的新兴市场,是封装内部的散热材料。三星 HPB 与 SK 海力士 iHBM 都指向同一个方向:HBM 散热未来可能不再只依赖外部液冷冷板,封装内部嵌入专用导热元件将成为新选项。

这个细分市场目前尚未形成明确的供应商版图,但需求方向已经浮现。

慢一点未必是坏事

分析认为,从整体产业链的角度看,这次技术路线的延后,反而可能是件好事。

混合键合要求两片晶圆在奈米级的平整度上精准对齐,并在无尘环境下完成铜原子的直接扩散接合,是整个 HBM 制程中良率风险最高的一环。

若三星与 SK 海力士强行在 HBM4 世代导入,一旦量产良率出现波动,只会让本就吃紧的 HBM 供给雪上加霜,而这正是目前 AI 供应链最难承受的变数。

先以成熟的热压键合稳住 12 层 HBM4 与 HBM4E 的量产,等到 HBM5E 世代 I/O 密度从 2048 翻倍至 4096 时,再让混合键合出手挑战 16 层甚至 20 层堆叠,这样的节奏虽然较慢,却让近期的 HBM 供给更有保障。

对于曾将混合键合视为「下一个 CoWoS 级投资主题」的市场而言,这无疑是一盆冷水。但 HBM5E 世代 I/O 频宽翻倍已是确定方向,混合键合终究是绕不开的技术门槛,只是,它不会在 2026 年准时报到。

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    "shortTitle": "HBM封装技术转向!三星、SK海力士同步决定:HBM4暂不导",
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    "description": "JEDEC 放宽 HBM4 封装高度规范后,三星与 SK 海力士决定暂不导入混合键合,改采成熟的热压键合技术。本文解析混合键合延后原因、辉达需求变化、台积电 SoIC 影响,以及韩美半导体、Besi 等供应链受惠与受压情况,剖析 HBM 与",
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    "content": "<p>过去两年被视为高频宽记忆体(HBM)封装技术重大跃进的混合键合(Hybrid Bonding),如今发展步调出现变化。随着 JEDEC 近期放宽 HBM4 设计规范,原本被认为势在必行的新技术不再迫切,两家南韩记忆体大厂三星和 SK 海力士 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:SKHY:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">SKHY-US</a>) 也相继决定,HBM4 产品将持续沿用既有封装架构,而非提前导入混合键合。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6542049/l/1eaf3dfd05a801afbd989e243e531491.jpg\" alt=\"HBM封装技术转向!三星、SK海力士同步决定:HBM4暂不导入混合键合\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>根据《ZDNet Korea》引述业界人士报导,三星和 SK 海力士两大记忆体厂已陆续决定,HBM4 暂不采用混合键合,最快也要等到 HBM4E 才有机会导入。</p>\n\n<p>一名业内人士甚至直言,业界对 16 层堆叠的讨论已明显降温,就算进入 HBM4E 世代,12 层堆叠仍可能是主流选择。</p>\n\n<p>促成这个转向的关键,是国际半导体标准组织 JEDEC 的一项技术性调整:HBM 封装的高度上限,从 775 微米放宽至 1000 微米。</p>\n\n<p>HBM 本质上是把多层 DRAM 晶粒层层堆叠,层数愈多,容量与频宽愈高,但封装高度存在物理天花板。</p>\n\n<p>目前主流的热压键合制程,是靠层与层之间的微小金属凸块接合,工艺成熟、良率稳定,但凸块本身就要占用高度。12 层堆叠已逼近 775 微米的旧上限,若要往 16 层、20 层迈进,空间显得捉襟见肘。</p>\n\n<p>这正是混合键合原本的卖点:拿掉凸块,直接让铜面对铜面贴合,同样高度能塞进更多层,散热表现也更佳。</p>\n\n<p>但 JEDEC 放宽上限后,情势整个翻转。多出的 225 微米,让热压键合这套「老工法」不必升级,就足以应付 12 到 16 层的堆叠需求。一项原本被市场视为势在必行的技术革命,一夕之间失去了最直接的推力。</p>\n\n<p>除了高度限制,混合键合的另一项优势在于散热。传统制程中,凸块周围需要填充绝缘胶材,这类材料导热性差,等于在每层 DRAM 之间夹了一层隔热棉,层数愈多、热量愈难排出;混合键合省去这道工序,理论上散热效率明显较佳。</p>\n\n<p>不过三星与 SK 海力士各自找到了替代方案。三星开发出名为 HPB 的热传导路径技术,在封装内部加装独立导热柱,如同替堆叠结构装上多根「散热烟囱」;SK 海力士则推出 iHBM 方案,将电绝缘的导热矽元件直接嵌入 DRAM 层间,宣称可将热阻降低超过 30%。</p>\n\n<p>两者的共通点是:不改变键合方式,只在封装结构上加装散热元件,代表混合键合原本独有的散热优势,如今已可透过其他工程手段补足。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>真</strong><strong>正的关键买家辉达并不急</strong></h6>\n\n<p>记忆体厂的技术路线,最终仍要看最大客户辉达 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:NVDA:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">NVDA-US</a>) 的脸色。《ZDNet Korea》报导指出,辉达已经放缓对更高堆叠层数 HBM 的需求时程。</p>\n\n<p>背后原因不难理解。16 层 HBM 代表单颗记忆体的容量与频宽同步翻倍,但这也要求 GPU 端的记忆体控制器与互连架构同步升级。</p>\n\n<p>若辉达下一代平台只靠增加 12 层 HBM 的颗数就能满足频宽需求,自然没有诱因去催促记忆体厂冒险投入良率较低、成本较高的 16 层制程。</p>\n\n<p>台积电 (<a data-symbol-template=\"TWS:2330:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">2330-TW</a>) 的 SoIC 先进封装技术,则从另一个角度缓解了高度压力。SoIC 让 GPU 与 HBM 进行 3D 垂直堆叠,GPU 封装本身变厚,反而让留给 HBM 的高度空间更加宽松。</p>\n\n<p>换言之,未来的平台架构并非在压缩 HBM 的空间限制,而是在松绑它。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>供应链:谁受益、谁承压</strong></h6>\n\n<p>分析人士指出,这波技术路线的延后,对产业链的影响相当清晰。</p>\n\n<p>传统热压键合设备厂是明显赢家。南韩的韩美半导体目前是全球 HBM 热压键合设备龙头,市占率 71.2%,混合键合每延后一个世代,其订单能见度就可望延长至少两年。</p>\n\n<p>混合键合设备厂则是需求后移,但故事并未消失。荷兰 Besi 在全球混合键合设备市场约占 70% 份额;中国的拓荆科技已实现晶圆对晶圆混合键合量产,2025 年相关业务营收成长 41.92%;北方华创也已在今年推出晶片对晶圆混合键合设备。</p>\n\n<p>由于这两家厂商目前的成长动能主要来自逻辑晶片领域,短期营收受影响有限,但「即将爆发」的市场叙事,确实被改写成「长期趋势不变、时程延后」的版本。</p>\n\n<p>另一个可能被忽略的新兴市场,是封装内部的散热材料。三星 HPB 与 SK 海力士 iHBM 都指向同一个方向:HBM 散热未来可能不再只依赖外部液冷冷板,封装内部嵌入专用导热元件将成为新选项。</p>\n\n<p>这个细分市场目前尚未形成明确的供应商版图,但需求方向已经浮现。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>慢一点未必是坏事</strong></h6>\n\n<p>分析认为,从整体产业链的角度看,这次技术路线的延后,反而可能是件好事。</p>\n\n<p>混合键合要求两片晶圆在奈米级的平整度上精准对齐,并在无尘环境下完成铜原子的直接扩散接合,是整个 HBM 制程中良率风险最高的一环。</p>\n\n<p>若三星与 SK 海力士强行在 HBM4 世代导入,一旦量产良率出现波动,只会让本就吃紧的 HBM 供给雪上加霜,而这正是目前 AI 供应链最难承受的变数。</p>\n\n<p>先以成熟的热压键合稳住 12 层 HBM4 与 HBM4E 的量产,等到 HBM5E 世代 I/O 密度从 2048 翻倍至 4096 时,再让混合键合出手挑战 16 层甚至 20 层堆叠,这样的节奏虽然较慢,却让近期的 HBM 供给更有保障。</p>\n\n<p>对于曾将混合键合视为「下一个 CoWoS 级投资主题」的市场而言,这无疑是一盆冷水。但 HBM5E 世代 I/O 频宽翻倍已是确定方向,混合键合终究是绕不开的技术门槛,只是,它不会在 2026 年准时报到。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-11726.html\" title=\"记忆体变「金条」!DDR5年涨400%–500% 128GB已飙至历史最低的十倍\">记忆体变「金条」!DDR5年涨400%–500% 128GB已飙至历史最低的十倍</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-81.html\" title=\"传美批准10家中企采购辉达H200 巴隆:川普放行所图甚大!\">传美批准10家中企采购辉达H200 巴隆:川普放行所图甚大!</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-2028.html\" title=\"苹果AI揭底牌 联手Google、辉达打造新一代Siri\">苹果AI揭底牌 联手Google、辉达打造新一代Siri</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-8203.html\" title=\"马斯克预言AI五年超越人类!反对全面管制、提「同业互查」取代政府监管、谈OpenAI恩怨\">马斯克预言AI五年超越人类!反对全面管制、提「同业互查」取代政府监管、谈OpenAI恩怨</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-10728.html\" title=\"智元超宇树居冠!今年H1全球人形机器人出货1.91万台 陆厂97%市占 美厂连车尾灯都看不到\">智元超宇树居冠!今年H1全球人形机器人出货1.91万台 陆厂97%市占 美厂连车尾灯都看不到</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-13020.html\" title=\"三星揭AI晶片封装路线图 玻璃基板最快2029年商用\">三星揭AI晶片封装路线图 玻璃基板最快2029年商用</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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