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DRAM微缩走到极限,三星、SK海力士、铠侠掀3D记忆体堆叠大战

2026-10-28 09:04:38 网络 阅读(90)

人工智慧(AI)算力需求爆发正推动记忆体产业迎来结构性转变。随着 DRAM 与 NAND 微缩逼近物理极限,三星电子 (KR005930) 、SK 海力士 (000660KS) 与铠侠纷纷转向 3D 堆叠、混合键合等新技术,显示未来记忆体竞争将从「制程微缩」转向「晶片堆叠与先进封装」之战,掌握奈米级键合技术者,将成为 AI 记忆体新时代的关键赢家。

DRAM微缩走到极限,三星、SK海力士、铠侠掀3D记忆体堆叠大战

随着 AI 大模型对海量资料吞吐与储存容量的需求暴增,传统半导体记忆体晶片正面临数十年来最严峻的物理极限。平面 DRAM 传统的 6F2 单元架构微缩红利已接近枯竭,而单晶圆堆叠的 3D NAND 也面临薄膜应力与电流衰减等物理墙。

在最新登场的国际半导体顶级盛会「2026 VLSI Symposium」上,全球记忆体巨头纷纷发表最新架构,宣告记忆体产业竞争已从传统的「平面微雕」全面转向「立体攻坚」。

在高速挥发性记忆体(DRAM)领域,韩系两大巨头展现了截然不同却同样关键的技术路线:

SK 海力士(SK Hynix)突破平面极限

为解决传统 6F2 架构造成的电磁干扰与漏电问题,SK 海力士发表了最新垂直通道 4F2 单元 DRAM 技术。

该技术将电晶体通道改为垂直排列,直连电容与字线 / 位线交叉点。

透过「双闸极」(Dual-gate)结构与薄膜矽通道,成功抑制闸极诱导汲极泄漏(GIDL),提高资料保持时间;同时利用相邻晶体管共享背闸的设计降低串扰噪声,被视为 DRAM 迈向全 3D 架构前最具商业化潜力的过渡方案。

三星电子开启 3D DRAM 时代

三星则首度展示名为「VS-DRAM」的 3D DRAM 架构,成功将 16 层储存单元进行垂直堆叠。

为解决驱动性能问题,三星导入环绕闸极(GAA)结构,并透过晶圆级「Peri-on-Cell」熔融键合技术,将周边控制电路晶圆与记忆体阵列晶圆接合,再以矽穿介质通孔(TSDV)建立电气连接,展现了高吞吐 I/O 的坚实技术储备。

NAND 层数大战:铠侠携手 Sandisk 瞄准 1000 层超高堆叠

在 NAND 快闪记忆体领域,单一晶圆堆叠层数达到 300 至 400 层后,正面临深孔刻蚀导致电流衰减与晶圆弯曲等严重反噬。

对此,铠侠(Kioxia)与 SanDisk(SNDKV-US) 联手发表「多晶圆混合键合技术」(MSA-CBA)。

该方案不再强求於单一晶圆上堆叠极限,而是透过多块晶圆进行多次铜 - 铜(Cu-Cu)混合键合。

首先将控制电路晶圆与第一层记忆体晶圆进行「正面对正面」接合,随后再透过背面重布线将第二、第三块记忆体晶圆以「背面对正面」持续向上堆叠,不仅顺利验证了 QLC 写入稳定度,更宣告打通迈向 1000 层以上超高层数 NAND 的技术道路。

产业观察:先进封装与混合键合跃升记忆体新霸主

业界分析指出,从 VLSI 2026 发表的技术可以看出,记忆体晶片的升级逻辑已从纯粹的「材料化学与微影微缩」,转变为「物理微观结构与先进键合封装」的深度协同。

不论是三星的 TSDV 介质通孔,或是铠侠的 Cu-Cu 混合键合,混合键合与晶圆级对准技术已不再只是后段封装的手艺,而是直接跃升为晶圆厂设计核心架构的先决条件。

无论是三星或铠侠,想要实现更高密度的多层晶片堆叠,关键已不只是制程节点,而是如何将不同晶圆以奈米等级精准对接,实现近乎无缝整合的混合键合。

未来记忆体竞争的核心,将从「谁能把电路做得更小」转向「谁能把晶片堆得更高、更精准」。因此,掌握高精度晶圆键合设备、晶圆薄化与化学机械研磨技术,以及先进封装能力的企业,正逐渐成为下一代半导体竞赛中不可忽视的关键力量。

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    "content": "<p>人工智慧(AI)算力需求爆发正推动记忆体产业迎来结构性转变。随着 DRAM 与 NAND 微缩逼近物理极限,三星电子 (<a data-symbol-template=\"GF:KR005930:FUTURES:FUTURES_FOREX\" href=\"#\">KR005930</a>) 、SK 海力士 (<a data-symbol-template=\"GF:000660KS:FUTURES:STOCK\" href=\"#\">000660KS</a>) 与铠侠纷纷转向 3D 堆叠、混合键合等新技术,显示未来记忆体竞争将从「制程微缩」转向「晶片堆叠与先进封装」之战,掌握奈米级键合技术者,将成为 AI 记忆体新时代的关键赢家。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6557023/l/62f57b799a7e94747fc44b672a36bf29.jpg\" alt=\"DRAM微缩走到极限,三星、SK海力士、铠侠掀3D记忆体堆叠大战\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>随着 AI 大模型对海量资料吞吐与储存容量的需求暴增,传统半导体记忆体晶片正面临数十年来最严峻的物理极限。平面 DRAM 传统的 6F2 单元架构微缩红利已接近枯竭,而单晶圆堆叠的 3D NAND 也面临薄膜应力与电流衰减等物理墙。</p>\n\n<p>在最新登场的国际半导体顶级盛会「2026 VLSI Symposium」上,全球记忆体巨头纷纷发表最新架构,宣告记忆体产业竞争已从传统的「平面微雕」全面转向「立体攻坚」。</p>\n\n<p>在高速挥发性记忆体(DRAM)领域,韩系两大巨头展现了截然不同却同样关键的技术路线:</p>\n\n<h6><strong>SK</strong><strong> 海力士(</strong><strong>SK Hynix</strong><strong>)突破平面极限</strong></h6>\n\n<p> 为解决传统 6F2 架构造成的电磁干扰与漏电问题,SK 海力士发表了最新垂直通道 4F2 单元 DRAM 技术。</p>\n\n<p>该技术将电晶体通道改为垂直排列,直连电容与字线 / 位线交叉点。</p>\n\n<p>透过「双闸极」(Dual-gate)结构与薄膜矽通道,成功抑制闸极诱导汲极泄漏(GIDL),提高资料保持时间;同时利用相邻晶体管共享背闸的设计降低串扰噪声,被视为 DRAM 迈向全 3D 架构前最具商业化潜力的过渡方案。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>三星电子开</strong><strong>启</strong><strong> 3D DRAM</strong><strong> 时代</strong></h6>\n\n<p> 三星则首度展示名为「VS-DRAM」的 3D DRAM 架构,成功将 16 层储存单元进行垂直堆叠。</p>\n\n<p>为解决驱动性能问题,三星导入环绕闸极(GAA)结构,并透过晶圆级「Peri-on-Cell」熔融键合技术,将周边控制电路晶圆与记忆体阵列晶圆接合,再以矽穿介质通孔(TSDV)建立电气连接,展现了高吞吐 I/O 的坚实技术储备。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>NAND</strong><strong> 层数大战:铠侠</strong><strong>携手</strong> Sandisk <strong>瞄</strong><strong>准</strong><strong> 1000</strong><strong> 层超高堆叠</strong></h6>\n\n<p>在 NAND 快闪记忆体领域,单一晶圆堆叠层数达到 300 至 400 层后,正面临深孔刻蚀导致电流衰减与晶圆弯曲等严重反噬。</p>\n\n<p>对此,铠侠(Kioxia)与 SanDisk(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:SNDKV:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">SNDKV-US</a>) 联手发表「多晶圆混合键合技术」(MSA-CBA)。</p>\n\n<p>该方案不再强求於单一晶圆上堆叠极限,而是透过多块晶圆进行多次铜 - 铜(Cu-Cu)混合键合。</p>\n\n<p>首先将控制电路晶圆与第一层记忆体晶圆进行「正面对正面」接合,随后再透过背面重布线将第二、第三块记忆体晶圆以「背面对正面」持续向上堆叠,不仅顺利验证了 QLC 写入稳定度,更宣告打通迈向 1000 层以上超高层数 NAND 的技术道路。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>产</strong><strong>业观察:先进封装与混合键合跃升记忆体新霸主</strong></h6>\n\n<p>业界分析指出,从 VLSI 2026 发表的技术可以看出,记忆体晶片的升级逻辑已从纯粹的「材料化学与微影微缩」,转变为「物理微观结构与先进键合封装」的深度协同。</p>\n\n<p>不论是三星的 TSDV 介质通孔,或是铠侠的 Cu-Cu 混合键合,混合键合与晶圆级对准技术已不再只是后段封装的手艺,而是直接跃升为晶圆厂设计核心架构的先决条件。</p>\n\n<p>无论是三星或铠侠,想要实现更高密度的多层晶片堆叠,关键已不只是制程节点,而是如何将不同晶圆以奈米等级精准对接,实现近乎无缝整合的混合键合。</p>\n\n<p>未来记忆体竞争的核心,将从「谁能把电路做得更小」转向「谁能把晶片堆得更高、更精准」。因此,掌握高精度晶圆键合设备、晶圆薄化与化学机械研磨技术,以及先进封装能力的企业,正逐渐成为下一代半导体竞赛中不可忽视的关键力量。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-17096.html\" title=\"MLCC高端产品严重缺货!中国深圳华强北商家直呼「爆单」 现货价格波动大\">MLCC高端产品严重缺货!中国深圳华强北商家直呼「爆单」 现货价格波动大</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-15138.html\" title=\"AI封装再升级 三星秀150mm超大玻璃基板、最高堆叠30层\">AI封装再升级 三星秀150mm超大玻璃基板、最高堆叠30层</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-16696.html\" title=\"IBS最新预测:Token日耗数千兆、DRAM冲破上兆美元 半导体陷制程「先进缺、成熟剩」的超级短缺\">IBS最新预测:Token日耗数千兆、DRAM冲破上兆美元 半导体陷制程「先进缺、成熟剩」的超级短缺</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-5610.html\" title=\"华为「爆改」5奈米晶片 不靠EUV效能直追1.4奈米\">华为「爆改」5奈米晶片 不靠EUV效能直追1.4奈米</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-22140.html\" title=\"CISA发布紧急指令限期修补!PHP爆发高危漏洞 引发全球网站预防性关闭潮\">CISA发布紧急指令限期修补!PHP爆发高危漏洞 引发全球网站预防性关闭潮</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-22021.html\" title=\"川普连AI名字都要改!嫌「人工智慧」不准确 改推「超级智慧」\">川普连AI名字都要改!嫌「人工智慧」不准确 改推「超级智慧」</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-08-03T07:20:05.000Z",
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