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AI需求未降温!大摩揭供应链真相:台积电CoWoS、HBM需求持续爆满

2026-10-27 23:56:52 网络 阅读(86)

近来市场对人工智慧(AI)是否已经「过热」议论不休,一派忧心资本支出过猛、投资报酬跟不上脚步;但摩根士丹利最新的产业报告提出另一个观察角度:与其听各方隔空论战,不如直接检视供应链的排队实况。从云端业者的资本支出,到晶圆代工、先进封装与测试设备的产能调度,只要这条队伍还没有明显缩短,就很难说 AI 需求已经退烧。

AI需求未降温!大摩揭供应链真相:台积电CoWoS、HBM需求持续爆满

报告指出,若不计主权 AI 相关支出,全球前十四大上市云端服务商,到 2027 年的云端资本支出将逼近 1.3 兆美元。

这笔钱并非停留在财报数字,而是会层层转化:先进到伺服器与资料中心的采购,再化为 GPU、ASIC、CPU 与 HBM 的订单,最终落到台积电 (2330-TW) 的先进制程、CoWoS 封装与测试设备产能上。

在这样的需求支撑下,摩根士丹利预估台积电 2026 年资本支出将达 560 亿美元,2027 年再攀升至 750 亿美元;2 奈米需求依然强劲,N2 产能在 2026 至 2028 年间可能出现约七成的年复合成长。

值得留意的是,台积电并非靠降价抢单。报告提到,2027 年先进制程报价可能还会上调 5% 至 10%。涨价的同时仍持续扩产,反映出客户要的不只是一片晶圆,而是先进 AI 晶片稳定交付的保证。

随着 AI 晶片走向运算晶片、HBM、互连元件与基板得一起塞进同一颗封装,前段晶圆制造完成后,能否顺利把 GPU、ASIC 与 HBM 整合封装,反而成为交货与否的关键,这也让 CoWoS 与 SoIC 先进封装技术的重要性水涨船高。

依报告估算,台积电 CoWoS 产能将从 2025 年底的月产约 7 万片,扩增至 2026 年底的 12 万片,2027 年底更可能上看 20 万片;SoIC 产能同步攀升,预估 2026 年底达月产 1.4 万片,2027 年底 4 万片,2028 年底达 7 万片。

晶片面积愈做愈大,封装随之放大,测试时间也愈拉愈长,测试设备市场预估在 2024 至 2027 年间将以约 35% 的年复合成长率扩张。换言之,AI 晶片能否如期问世,往往不是卡在算力,而是卡在任何一道制程环节。

若只紧盯辉达,恐怕会低估这波 AI 半导体热潮的广度。报告显示,Google(GOOGL-US) 的 TPU、亚马逊 (AMZN-US) AWS 的 Trainium、微软 (MSFT-US) 的 Maia、Meta(META-US) 的 MTIA,以及超微半导体 (AMD-US) 的 MI 系列与各家客制化 ASIC,都在争抢先进制程与封装产能。

摩根士丹利预估,到 2027 年 AI 运算相关的晶圆消耗金额可能突破 460 亿美元,辉达仍是最大需求方之一,但 Google、超微、AWS、微软与 Meta 也各自占有一席之地。

这股趋势也反映在台积电自身的营收结构上。AI 半导体业务占台积电总营收比重,2026 年可能超过 30%,2024 至 2029 年 AI 相关营收年复合成长率估计约 60%。

这也说明云端业者并非押注单一路线,而是同时布局:

  • 通用 GPU 持续追求最强训练与推理效能;
  • 客制化 ASIC 力求压低自家工作负载的成本;
  • AI CPU 则负责调度与资料搬运。
  • HBM 和先进封装,把这些晶片真正连起来。

随着 AI 应用从单纯「回答问题」走向「执行任务」,CPU 的角色也愈加吃重。报告将 CPU 协同运算市场基本情境上修至 790 亿美元,乐观情境甚至上看 2380 亿美元。

AI 伺服器不只需要强大算力,也需要充足记忆体。报告估算,2027 年 HBM 消耗量最高可能达约 506 亿 Gb,辉达依旧是最大买家,但 Google、超微半导体、AWS 等业者同样分食供应。

此外 NAND 快闪记忆体需求也被 AI 拉紧,NOR Flash 到 2026 年恐面临供不应求,DDR4 短缺情况则可能延续至 2026 年下半年。

另一方面,中国的 AI 算力发展则走出不同路径。报告预估,中国 AI GPU 市场规模到 2030 年可能达到 910 亿美元,其发展逻辑并非单纯追求单颗晶片的效能突破,而是把晶片、封装、机柜、丛集与整体成本一并纳入考量。

单颗 die 效能不足,就封装更多 die;单颗晶片不够力,就扩大机柜与丛集规模;制造产能有限,就持续扩产。

在推论应用场景中,中国业者更看重总体拥有成本与每 token 成本表现,报告估算中国 AI 晶片的 TCO 可能比辉达方案低 30% 到 60%,每 token 成本甚至可能与辉达方案相当或更具优势。

AI 是否存在阶段性过热疑虑,市场上确实不乏质疑声音,资本支出过高、投资回收太慢、算力使用率不足,都是真实存在的担忧。

然而,从供应链端传出的讯号相对朴实。台积电持续加码资本支出、CoWoS 与 SoIC 月产能持续扩张、HBM 与 NAND 及测试设备供给仍在追赶需求、中国算力产业也以自己的一套系统打法向前推进。

换句话说,要判断 AI 热潮是否降温,不能只看单一颗 GPU 的销量,也不能只凭一句「算力过剩」的说法下定论,更值得观察的,是先进制程、先进封装、HBM、测试设备与资料中心机柜这些关键环节的排队情况是否真的松动。至少就目前而言,这张队伍依然很长。

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    "description": "摩根士丹利最新报告指出,AI 是否过热不能只看 GPU 销售,而应观察台积电先进制程、CoWoS、SoIC、HBM 及测试设备等供应链是否松动。报告预估全球云端资本支出至 2027 年逼近 1.3 兆美元,台积电资本支出将持续攀升,显示",
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    "content": "<p>近来市场对人工智慧(AI)是否已经「过热」议论不休,一派忧心资本支出过猛、投资报酬跟不上脚步;但摩根士丹利最新的产业报告提出另一个观察角度:与其听各方隔空论战,不如直接检视供应链的排队实况。从云端业者的资本支出,到晶圆代工、先进封装与测试设备的产能调度,只要这条队伍还没有明显缩短,就很难说 AI 需求已经退烧。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6531206/l/80bcdb970d9cc2d27ead1a073361e643.jpg\" alt=\"AI需求未降温!大摩揭供应链真相:台积电CoWoS、HBM需求持续爆满\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>报告指出,若不计主权 AI 相关支出,全球前十四大上市云端服务商,到 2027 年的云端资本支出将逼近 1.3 兆美元。</p>\n\n<p>这笔钱并非停留在财报数字,而是会层层转化:先进到伺服器与资料中心的采购,再化为 GPU、ASIC、CPU 与 HBM 的订单,最终落到台积电 (<a data-symbol-template=\"TWS:2330:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">2330-TW</a>) 的先进制程、CoWoS 封装与测试设备产能上。</p>\n\n<p>在这样的需求支撑下,摩根士丹利预估台积电 2026 年资本支出将达 560 亿美元,2027 年再攀升至 750 亿美元;2 奈米需求依然强劲,N2 产能在 2026 至 2028 年间可能出现约七成的年复合成长。</p>\n\n<p>值得留意的是,台积电并非靠降价抢单。报告提到,2027 年先进制程报价可能还会上调 5% 至 10%。涨价的同时仍持续扩产,反映出客户要的不只是一片晶圆,而是先进 AI 晶片稳定交付的保证。</p>\n\n<p>随着 AI 晶片走向运算晶片、HBM、互连元件与基板得一起塞进同一颗封装,前段晶圆制造完成后,能否顺利把 GPU、ASIC 与 HBM 整合封装,反而成为交货与否的关键,这也让 CoWoS 与 SoIC 先进封装技术的重要性水涨船高。</p>\n\n<p>依报告估算,台积电 CoWoS 产能将从 2025 年底的月产约 7 万片,扩增至 2026 年底的 12 万片,2027 年底更可能上看 20 万片;SoIC 产能同步攀升,预估 2026 年底达月产 1.4 万片,2027 年底 4 万片,2028 年底达 7 万片。</p>\n\n<p>晶片面积愈做愈大,封装随之放大,测试时间也愈拉愈长,测试设备市场预估在 2024 至 2027 年间将以约 35% 的年复合成长率扩张。换言之,AI 晶片能否如期问世,往往不是卡在算力,而是卡在任何一道制程环节。</p>\n\n<p>若只紧盯辉达,恐怕会低估这波 AI 半导体热潮的广度。报告显示,Google(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:GOOGL:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">GOOGL-US</a>) 的 TPU、亚马逊 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:AMZN:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">AMZN-US</a>) AWS 的 Trainium、微软 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:MSFT:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">MSFT-US</a>) 的 Maia、Meta(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:META:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">META-US</a>) 的 MTIA,以及超微半导体 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:AMD:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">AMD-US</a>) 的 MI 系列与各家客制化 ASIC,都在争抢先进制程与封装产能。</p>\n\n<p>摩根士丹利预估,到 2027 年 AI 运算相关的晶圆消耗金额可能突破 460 亿美元,辉达仍是最大需求方之一,但 Google、超微、AWS、微软与 Meta 也各自占有一席之地。</p>\n\n<p>这股趋势也反映在台积电自身的营收结构上。AI 半导体业务占台积电总营收比重,2026 年可能超过 30%,2024 至 2029 年 AI 相关营收年复合成长率估计约 60%。</p>\n\n<p>这也说明云端业者并非押注单一路线,而是同时布局:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>通用 GPU 持续追求最强训练与推理效能;</li>\n<li>客制化 ASIC 力求压低自家工作负载的成本;</li>\n<li>AI CPU 则负责调度与资料搬运。</li>\n<li>HBM 和先进封装,把这些晶片真正连起来。</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>随着 AI 应用从单纯「回答问题」走向「执行任务」,CPU 的角色也愈加吃重。报告将 CPU 协同运算市场基本情境上修至 790 亿美元,乐观情境甚至上看 2380 亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>AI 伺服器不只需要强大算力,也需要充足记忆体。报告估算,2027 年 HBM 消耗量最高可能达约 506 亿 Gb,辉达依旧是最大买家,但 Google、超微半导体、AWS 等业者同样分食供应。</p>\n\n<p>此外 NAND 快闪记忆体需求也被 AI 拉紧,NOR Flash 到 2026 年恐面临供不应求,DDR4 短缺情况则可能延续至 2026 年下半年。</p>\n\n<p>另一方面,中国的 AI 算力发展则走出不同路径。报告预估,中国 AI GPU 市场规模到 2030 年可能达到 910 亿美元,其发展逻辑并非单纯追求单颗晶片的效能突破,而是把晶片、封装、机柜、丛集与整体成本一并纳入考量。</p>\n\n<p>单颗 die 效能不足,就封装更多 die;单颗晶片不够力,就扩大机柜与丛集规模;制造产能有限,就持续扩产。</p>\n\n<p>在推论应用场景中,中国业者更看重总体拥有成本与每 token 成本表现,报告估算中国 AI 晶片的 TCO 可能比辉达方案低 30% 到 60%,每 token 成本甚至可能与辉达方案相当或更具优势。</p>\n\n<p>AI 是否存在阶段性过热疑虑,市场上确实不乏质疑声音,资本支出过高、投资回收太慢、算力使用率不足,都是真实存在的担忧。</p>\n\n<p>然而,从供应链端传出的讯号相对朴实。台积电持续加码资本支出、CoWoS 与 SoIC 月产能持续扩张、HBM 与 NAND 及测试设备供给仍在追赶需求、中国算力产业也以自己的一套系统打法向前推进。</p>\n\n<p>换句话说,要判断 AI 热潮是否降温,不能只看单一颗 GPU 的销量,也不能只凭一句「算力过剩」的说法下定论,更值得观察的,是先进制程、先进封装、HBM、测试设备与资料中心机柜这些关键环节的排队情况是否真的松动。至少就目前而言,这张队伍依然很长。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-526.html\" title=\"避险基金押注科技股创历史新高!高盛:AI乐观情绪持续升温\">避险基金押注科技股创历史新高!高盛:AI乐观情绪持续升温</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-14085.html\" title=\"AI记忆体战争升级!美光砸重金扩产HBM4 12层 拚年底月产能达10万片\">AI记忆体战争升级!美光砸重金扩产HBM4 12层 拚年底月产能达10万片</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-13718.html\" title=\"PwC:到2050年 全球AI资料中心支出将达到近32兆美元\">PwC:到2050年 全球AI资料中心支出将达到近32兆美元</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-13256.html\" title=\"伊朗最高领袖声明:扩大国内生产 降低对美元依赖\">伊朗最高领袖声明:扩大国内生产 降低对美元依赖</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-18199.html\" title=\"美光毛利率高达87% 是福也是祸\">美光毛利率高达87% 是福也是祸</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-9379.html\" title=\"KKR斥资57亿美元收购Integer趁估值回落布局医疗器材供应链\">KKR斥资57亿美元收购Integer趁估值回落布局医疗器材供应链</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-07-11T05:30:03.000Z",
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