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外汇平台破产还能拿回钱?关键需要做到这两点

2026-09-11 17:07:06 阅读(200)

之前几期推送,小编和大家讲过新鲜热辣的庞氏骗局,也扒过铁汇赠金套利事件以及赠金背后的猫腻,都收到不少朋友的好评。

也让我们意识到,不管案例是新的还是旧的,只要放在今天依然有很大的警示作用,对于我们的日常交易依然能带来启发,就值得我们一再回顾,品味。

那么今天,小编就给大家讲讲另一个曾震撼整个汇市的大事件:

艾福瑞(英国)破产。

由瑞郎黑天鹅诱发的汇市大动荡,让无数交易者一夜爆仓,无数平台坠入深渊,艾福瑞(英国)就是其中最大牌的一个。

不过艾福瑞(英国)的客户,并非一无所有:FCA的保障,让他们不至于血本无归。

而一场罕见的灾难,更教会我们两件事:

一个平台最值钱的,还真的是那块监管牌照。

做好资金隔离,保障资金安全,比什么都重要。

一、经典回顾:汇市的至暗时刻

一切故事,起源于2015年1月15日:

这一天,瑞士央行宣布放弃此前维持许久的欧元兑瑞郎1.20汇率下限,瑞郎一路狂飙、大起大落,大量交易者爆仓的同时市场流动性也被急速榨干,最终导致许多经纪商一败涂地走向破产。

艾福瑞(英国),就是其中之一。

在这里,我们先要搞清楚艾福瑞集团的架构:

1998年,四名创始人在俄罗斯成立艾福瑞,这是艾福瑞集团梦开始的地方。

截至2015年瑞郎黑天鹅出现前,艾福瑞集团已经在全球超过80个国家和地区建立了分支机构,艾福瑞(英国)虽为总部(由两位创始人Daniel Skowronski和AndreyVedikhin管理),但和其他独立运营的艾福瑞子公司在财政上完全独立,彼此互不干涉。

在艾福瑞(英国)申请破产之后,艾福瑞(俄罗斯)就马上发布公告称,英国公司是独立法律实体,其财务状况不会影响艾福瑞集团旗下其他分公司的运营。

说了这么多只是想告诉大家一点:

今天我们讨论的对象是在2015年已经申请破产的艾福瑞(英国),跟艾福瑞集团旗下其他分支机构、子公司无关。大家可不要看到艾福瑞这三个字就不寒而栗,觉得是破产平台诈尸又回来圈钱。

回到正题。翻看艾福瑞(英国)的破产历程,有一些关键节点是值得我们注意的:

1月16日(即瑞郎黑天鹅发生的次日),艾福瑞(英国)正式申请破产

1月19日,毕马威被委任为破产清算管理专员,负责处理清盘相关事务

3月27日,经纪商ETX Capital宣布接收艾福瑞(英国)客户,并支付了122万美元

2016年7月18日,毕马威发布报告显示,共计已返还艾福瑞(英国)客户5130万美元

2017年8月15日,毕马威发布最终处理报告,FCA完成了12759名客户的索赔申请,占艾福瑞(英国)客户总数的99.8%(逾期没有提交索赔申请的客户将无法得到赔偿)

毫无疑问,在宣布申请破产之后,等待着艾福瑞(英国)的是漫长的清盘、赔付。而其客户,必然是内心最焦虑,也最绝望的一群人。

在执行破产清算流程的前期,由于FCA尚未公布赔付计划,毕马威也迟迟无法找到接盘人导致艾福瑞(英国)大量资产被冻结,许多客户担心会血本无归。

尤其是不在英国本土的艾福瑞客户——比如华人交易者们。

无奈之下,他们甚至联合起来,通过第三方媒体向毕马威发送了一份请愿书,希望后者可以承诺保障债权人利益,尽快归还客户资金。

但好在,从上面的破产历程中相信大家也看到了,艾福瑞(英国)背后还有FCA这个后盾。

FCA以及神奇的FSCS计划,成为了艾福瑞(英国)客户的救命稻草。也让我们意识到,有一个靠谱的监管到底有多重要。

二、悲剧发生之后,FCA来补锅

FCA对破产平台客户的保障,主要通过大名鼎鼎的FSCS计划来实现。

FSCS全称Financial Services Compensation Scheme,即金融服务补偿计划。该计划在2001年正式实施,主要的运作原则有这几条:

第一,当受到FCA监管的平台无力偿还到期债务或倒闭时,客户可以申请FSCS赔偿。

第二,FSCS的保障范围是所有受FCA和英国审慎监管局(PRA)监管的实体,但实际上偏向于保障小型经纪商的客户,特殊情况除外(比如本文的主角艾福瑞)。

第三,对投资业务,FSCS的最高赔付金额为5万英镑,储蓄业务和保险业务均高达8.5万英镑。

(FSCS官网上关于该计划的阐述)

FSCS计划的存在,对于艾福瑞(英国)的客户来说可以说是不幸中的万幸。作为FCA最引以为傲的资本,FSCS在业内信誉一直相当优秀:

2001年以来,经FSCS计划支出的赔偿金额总计超过600亿英镑。

比如2019年迷你债发行方London Capital&Finane倒闭之后,FSCS快速启动了赔付计划。

根据外媒统计,London Capital&Finane倒闭之后,共有1.2万名投资者遭受重大损失。而截至2020年年底,FSCS总计已赔付5100万英镑,但目前仍有大量赔付申请等待处理,预计整个赔付流程最迟要到2021年才能结束。

再比如,英国老牌零售外汇及差价合约经纪商SVSFX在2019年8月5日宣布破产之后,FSCS也第一时间宣布启动赔付计划。相关赔付事项目前还在推进之中,目前尚未清楚SVSFX的客户最终能拿回多少资金。

(SVSFX官网上发布的破产清盘公告)

除了FCA之外,这一套赔付制度在很多监管机构那里发扬光大。其中广受好评的,还有瑞士FINMA。

根据FINMA的存款保险计划,所有受FINMA监管的经纪商客户资本都受到保护,该计划由FINMA和行业自律协会(Esisuisse)共同执行。

当FINMA旗下的经纪商无力偿还债务或宣告破产之后,该计划将为其客户进行赔付,最高赔付金额可高达10万瑞郎。

(Esisuisse官网有关FINMA资金保护计划的阐述)

一直以来,有不少朋友留言跟严选君说:

整天说这个监管那个监管的,能有多大作用?只要平台点差合理,不经常滑点、卡盘,能顺利出金就可以了。

但在这个越来越动荡的市场里,你真的不知道黑天鹅什么时候会出现,平台什么时候会撑不住。

大家可别到了悲剧真的发生之后,才后悔当初没有重视平台的监管资质。

当然了,也有一些交易者会说:

想靠监管机构的赔付弥补所有损失,是不现实的。哪怕FCA的赔付计划,也不是完美的。

这个说法,小编也是同意的。

我们还是拿艾福瑞(英国)的破产案例来说。

首先,虽然FSCS已经有相当完善的赔付机制,但部分客户的损失依旧无法避免。比如小客户的损失被“技术性”忽略:账户可分配金额低于51.5美元的客户无法获得赔偿。

其次,作为破产清算计划的执行人,毕马威也要收取不菲的费用,这在某种程度上削弱了FSCS的赔付能力。

公开数据显示,在这次赔付计划中,FSCS总计支出了9580万美元,占客户索赔总额的约82%。但扣除毕马威的服务费用以及其他各项支出之后,客户真正到手的索赔资金只有7880万美元。

这也就难怪,在整个赔付流程进入尾声之后,毕马威方面透露,仍有3.8%的客户因不满赔付结果而发起投诉,直接推迟了整个赔付计划结束的时间。

但话又说回来,FCA等监管机构对交易者资金的保护,仅仅体现在平台破产之后的赔付吗?

不是的,这些监管机构的贡献,还有在于一点——资金隔离监管。

三、资金隔离监管的重要性

所谓资金隔离账户,就是单独存放客户资金的账户,确保客户与平台,客户与客户之间的资金分开管理。

实行严格资金隔离的平台,一般都要做两件事:

第一,使用银行的托管服务,将客户资金存放在不同的银行账户中,这部分资金只能由客户自己动用。

第二,确保客户与客户之间的资金,保证金和存款分开管理。

做好资金隔离,是一个合规平台的基本素养。否则,你可能不得不面对这些血淋淋的教训。

案例一:DDT(Digital Dream Technology Limited)

DDT表面上按照资金隔离规则将客户资金存放在新加坡、瑞士等国的银行账户中,但其实所有账户的持有方都是隶属DDT的离岸实体。

这几家离岸公司包括DST Global Venture Capital(俄罗斯)、AFA Fund Management Group(乌克兰) 、Partech Venture Capital(瑞典)、CVC Capital Partners(波兰)、Vista Equity Partners(白俄罗斯)等。DDT就是利用这些实体,通过信用卡取现,挪用了客户2.3亿美元的资金。

案例二:GRMFX

2020年8月份,新西兰FMA发出欺诈警告,向外界展示了GRMFX违规挪用客户资金的来龙去脉。

根据FMA的调查,GRMFX几个老板通过在新西兰开通银行账户,秘密进行资金转移,并公布了相关账户信息。

(FMA官网上公布的账号信息)

据悉,在这丑闻曝光之前,GRMFX早在2020年年初就出现了延迟出金的问题。对此,GRMFX先后以疫情期间工作人员无法正常办公、老板确诊新冠影响公司运营等理由搪塞客户。

只是没想到,原来从那时候开始,GRMFX就做好了转移资金的准备。

看到这,相信大家不会再怀疑资金隔离监管的重要意义了吧?那么又有哪些监管机构的资金隔离监管做得最为出色呢?

前面出镜率极高的FCA固然是个中翘楚,但这一次,我们不妨另找两个同样表现优秀的监管机构作为例子。

第一个,澳大利亚ASIC。

澳大利亚ASIC对旗下受监管平台的客户资金保护也非常上心,和FCA不同,ASIC更着重与发生问题前的“预防”,而不是出现问题后的“补救”。

根据相关要求,每一个持有澳大利亚金融服务牌照(AFSL)的经纪商,必须要做到这几件事:

第一,每日和ASIC进行客户报告资金和持有资金对账,而且每一个账户都需要对账,无一例外。

第二,每一个持牌经纪商都必须每个月按时提交对账报告(每个月结束后的头10个工作日内),内容要涵盖每一个客户的报告资金、账户交易纪录等。

第三,必须执行严格的资金隔离监管,所有零售客户的资金都要单独放在一个隔离账户中。

而像挪用客户资金充当经纪商营业资本,利用客户资金进行对冲交易等行为,更是明令禁止。

值得一提的是,在2017年实施更严格的《客户资金报告规则》之后,ASIC这一套资金保护模式得到许多同行的肯定,像塞浦路斯CySEC、以色列ISA等,都借鉴ASIC的做法,更新了自己的资金保护制度。

第二个,瑞士FINMA。

根据FINMA的规则,客户的资金是由该机构和第三方银行共同监管的。

而比大多数监管机构更严格的是,FINMA规定投资者开设交易账户时,他的资金就会自动进入隶属其个人的账户中进行隔离保护,经纪商无法私自动用。

不过FINMA最大的优势还在于,背后有政府的支持:

受FINMA监管的平台,其客户账户资金将按照瑞士银行的保险标准得到瑞士政府的保障(和上面提到的保险赔付计划结合)。如果经纪商出现违约,客户索赔是完全受到法律保护的,监管机构也无权拒绝赔付。

除了查监管资质之外,想知道平台有没有严格遵守资金隔离政策,还有一个办法:检查账户信息

出入金的银行账号信息是否一致(尤其是电汇信息),是检验资金隔离的重要标准。如果信息不一致,那就要提高警惕了。

四、结语

小编已经不记得和大家强调过多少次,监管资质很重要,资金安全很重要。虽然不是每个人都会遇上艾福瑞(英国)破产这种轰动事件,但像DDT和GRMFX这种转移资金的案例,还是相当常见的。

我们可不要等到悲剧发生之后,才来后悔为什么当初选平台的时候没有重视监管牌照,为什么入金之前没有认真鉴别平台是否做好资金隔离。

总而言之,一开始就做好万全准备,总比出事了再来伤心叹气更有用。

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      "name": "外汇开户",
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          "id": 69,
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          "id": 70,
          "pid": 65,
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          "id": 72,
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      "id": 10,
      "pid": 0,
      "name": "首页",
      "pinyin": "home",
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          "pid": 10,
          "name": "外汇平台排名",
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          "target": "0",
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          "pid": 10,
          "name": "保险",
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      "target": "0",
      "status": "0",
      "listView": "list.html",
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      "seoTitle": "",
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      "type": "0",
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      "id": 32,
      "pid": 10,
      "name": "外汇平台排名",
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      "target": "0",
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      "listView": "list.html",
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    "title": "外汇平台破产还能拿回钱?关键需要做到这两点",
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    "description": "之前几期推送,小编和大家讲过新鲜热辣的庞氏骗局,也扒过铁汇赠金套利事件以及赠金背后的猫腻,都收到不少朋友的好评。也让我们意识到,不管案例是新的还是旧的,只要放在今天依然有...",
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    "content": "<p>之前几期推送,小编和大家讲过新鲜热辣的庞氏骗局,也扒过铁汇赠金套利事件以及赠金背后的猫腻,都收到不少朋友的好评。</p>\n<p>也让我们意识到,<b>不管案例是新的还是旧的,只要放在今天依然有很大的警示作用,对于我们的日常交易依然能带来启发,就值得我们一再回顾,品味。<br><br><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/551435f1d9f246a1923ee2c658799b5e.jpg\" style=\"width: 600px; height: 360px;\"></b></p>\n<p>那么今天,小编就给大家讲讲另一个曾震撼整个汇市的大事件:</p>\n<p><b>艾福瑞(英国)破产。</b></p>\n<p>由瑞郎黑天鹅诱发的汇市大动荡,让无数交易者一夜爆仓,无数平台坠入深渊,艾福瑞(英国)就是其中最大牌的一个。</p>\n<p>不过艾福瑞(英国)的客户,并非一无所有:FCA的保障,让他们不至于血本无归。</p>\n<p>而一场罕见的灾难,更教会我们两件事:</p>\n<p><b>一个平台最值钱的,还真的是那块监管牌照。</b></p>\n<p><b>做好资金隔离,保障资金安全,比什么都重要。</b></p>\n<p><b>一、经典回顾:汇市的至暗时刻</b></p>\n<p>一切故事,起源于2015年1月15日:</p>\n<p><b>这一天,瑞士央行宣布放弃此前维持许久的欧元兑瑞郎1.20汇率下限,瑞郎一路狂飙、大起大落,</b>大量交易者爆仓的同时市场流动性也被急速榨干,最终导致许多经纪商一败涂地走向破产。</p>\n<p>艾福瑞(英国),就是其中之一。</p>\n<p>在这里,我们先要搞清楚艾福瑞集团的架构:</p>\n<p><b>1998年,四名创始人在俄罗斯成立艾福瑞</b>,这是艾福瑞集团梦开始的地方。</p>\n<p>截至2015年瑞郎黑天鹅出现前,艾福瑞集团已经在全球超过80个国家和地区建立了分支机构,<b>艾福瑞(英国)虽为总部(由两位创始人Daniel Skowronski和AndreyVedikhin管理),但和其他独立运营的艾福瑞子公司在财政上完全独立,彼此互不干涉。</b></p>\n<p>在艾福瑞(英国)申请破产之后,艾福瑞(俄罗斯)就马上发布公告称,<b>英国公司是独立法律实体,其财务状况不会影响艾福瑞集团旗下其他分公司的运营。</b></p>\n<p id=\"\"><img data-height=\"192\" data-viewer=\"https://img.dgrhw.net/upload/images/huihu/2021/02/25/202634949.png\" data-width=\"1081\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/783fd1701fef9cd204d726f21adb0231.png\"></p>\n<p>说了这么多只是想告诉大家一点:</p>\n<p><b>今天我们讨论的对象是在2015年已经申请破产的艾福瑞(英国),跟艾福瑞集团旗下其他分支机构、子公司无关。</b>大家可不要看到艾福瑞这三个字就不寒而栗,觉得是破产平台诈尸又回来圈钱。</p>\n<p>回到正题。翻看艾福瑞(英国)的破产历程,有一些关键节点是值得我们注意的:</p>\n<p><b>1月16日(即瑞郎黑天鹅发生的次日),艾福瑞(英国)正式申请破产</b></p>\n<p>1月19日,毕马威被委任为破产清算管理专员,负责处理清盘相关事务</p>\n<p>3月27日,经纪商ETX Capital宣布接收艾福瑞(英国)客户,并支付了122万美元</p>\n<p>2016年7月18日,毕马威发布报告显示,<b>共计已返还艾福瑞(英国)客户5130万美元</b></p>\n<p>2017年8月15日,毕马威发布最终处理报告,<b>FCA完成了12759名客户的索赔申请,占艾福瑞(英国)客户总数的99.8%(逾期没有提交索赔申请的客户将无法得到赔偿)</b></p>\n<p id=\"\"><img data-height=\"459\" data-viewer=\"https://img.dgrhw.net/upload/images/huihu/2021/02/25/202735042.png\" data-width=\"1108\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/c63f27a4a1d81d66c33ca5f3468275ce.png\"></p>\n<p>毫无疑问,在宣布申请破产之后,等待着艾福瑞(英国)的是漫长的清盘、赔付。而其客户,必然是内心最焦虑,也最绝望的一群人。</p>\n<p>在执行破产清算流程的前期,由于FCA尚未公布赔付计划,毕马威也迟迟无法找到接盘人导致艾福瑞(英国)大量资产被冻结,许多客户担心会血本无归。</p>\n<p><b>尤其是不在英国本土的艾福瑞客户——比如华人交易者们。</b></p>\n<p>无奈之下,他们甚至联合起来,<b>通过第三方媒体向毕马威发送了一份请愿书,希望后者可以承诺保障债权人利益,尽快归还客户资金。</b></p>\n<p id=\"\"><img data-height=\"435\" data-viewer=\"https://img.dgrhw.net/upload/images/huihu/2021/02/25/202811589.png\" data-width=\"1013\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/1586be9ae90b431cee215eb22517a7c6.png\"></p>\n<p>但好在,从上面的破产历程中相信大家也看到了,艾福瑞(英国)背后还有FCA这个后盾。</p>\n<p>FCA以及神奇的FSCS计划,成为了艾福瑞(英国)客户的救命稻草。也让我们意识到,有一个靠谱的监管到底有多重要。</p>\n<p><b>二、悲剧发生之后,FCA来补锅</b></p>\n<p>FCA对破产平台客户的保障,主要通过大名鼎鼎的FSCS计划来实现。</p>\n<p><b>FSCS全称Financial Services Compensation Scheme,即金融服务补偿计划。</b>该计划在2001年正式实施,主要的运作原则有这几条:</p>\n<p>第一,<b>当受到FCA监管的平台无力偿还到期债务或倒闭时,客户可以申请FSCS赔偿。</b></p>\n<p>第二,<b>FSCS的保障范围是所有受FCA和英国审慎监管局(PRA)监管的实体,</b>但实际上偏向于保障小型经纪商的客户,特殊情况除外(比如本文的主角艾福瑞)。</p>\n<p>第三,<b>对投资业务,FSCS的最高赔付金额为5万英镑,储蓄业务和保险业务均高达8.5万英镑。</b></p>\n<p id=\"\"><img data-height=\"452\" data-viewer=\"https://img.dgrhw.net/upload/images/huihu/2021/02/25/202906010.png\" data-width=\"1035\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/5c4d487ef23a37577be2601e5b7f9d35.png\"></p>\n<p>(FSCS官网上关于该计划的阐述)</p>\n<p>FSCS计划的存在,对于艾福瑞(英国)的客户来说可以说是不幸中的万幸。作为FCA最引以为傲的资本,FSCS在业内信誉一直相当优秀:</p>\n<p><b>2001年以来,经FSCS计划支出的赔偿金额总计超过600亿英镑。</b></p>\n<p>比如<b>2019年迷你债发行方London Capital&Finane倒闭</b>之后,FSCS快速启动了赔付计划。</p>\n<p>根据外媒统计,London Capital&Finane倒闭之后,共有1.2万名投资者遭受重大损失。<b>而截至2020年年底,FSCS总计已赔付5100万英镑,</b>但目前仍有大量赔付申请等待处理,预计整个赔付流程最迟要到2021年才能结束。</p>\n<p>再比如,<b>英国老牌零售外汇及差价合约经纪商SVSFX在2019年8月5日宣布破产之后,</b>FSCS也第一时间宣布启动赔付计划。相关赔付事项目前还在推进之中,目前尚未清楚SVSFX的客户最终能拿回多少资金。</p>\n<p id=\"\"><img data-height=\"644\" data-viewer=\"https://img.dgrhw.net/upload/images/huihu/2021/02/25/203558226.png\" data-width=\"1072\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/1f027111c65e16c4e428075fddb22e1b.png\"></p>\n<p>(SVSFX官网上发布的破产清盘公告)</p>\n<p>除了FCA之外,这一套赔付制度在很多监管机构那里发扬光大。其中广受好评的,还有瑞士FINMA。</p>\n<p>根据FINMA的存款保险计划,所有受FINMA监管的经纪商客户资本都受到保护,该计划由FINMA和行业自律协会(Esisuisse)共同执行。</p>\n<p>当FINMA旗下的经纪商无力偿还债务或宣告破产之后,该计划将为其客户进行赔付,最高赔付金额可高达10万瑞郎。</p>\n<p id=\"\"><img data-height=\"525\" data-viewer=\"https://img.dgrhw.net/upload/images/huihu/2021/02/25/204145443.png\" data-width=\"1117\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/7bfc0905d6c582824512c4111e6168f1.png\"></p>\n<p id=\"\">(Esisuisse官网有关FINMA资金保护计划的阐述)</p>\n<p>一直以来,有不少朋友留言跟严选君说:</p>\n<p><b>整天说这个监管那个监管的,能有多大作用?只要平台点差合理,不经常滑点、卡盘,能顺利出金就可以了。</b></p>\n<p><b>但在这个越来越动荡的市场里,你真的不知道黑天鹅什么时候会出现,平台什么时候会撑不住。</b></p>\n<p><b>大家可别到了悲剧真的发生之后,才后悔当初没有重视平台的监管资质。</b></p>\n<p>当然了,也有一些交易者会说:</p>\n<p><b>想靠监管机构的赔付弥补所有损失,是不现实的。哪怕FCA的赔付计划,也不是完美的。</b></p>\n<p>这个说法,小编也是同意的。</p>\n<p>我们还是拿艾福瑞(英国)的破产案例来说。</p>\n<p>首先,虽然FSCS已经有相当完善的赔付机制,但部分客户的损失依旧无法避免。比如小客户的损失被“技术性”忽略:<b>账户可分配金额低于51.5美元的客户无法获得赔偿。</b></p>\n<p>其次,作为破产清算计划的执行人,毕马威也要收取不菲的费用,这在某种程度上削弱了FSCS的赔付能力。</p>\n<p><b>公开数据显示,在这次赔付计划中,FSCS总计支出了9580万美元,占客户索赔总额的约82%。但扣除毕马威的服务费用以及其他各项支出之后,客户真正到手的索赔资金只有7880万美元。</b></p>\n<p>这也就难怪,在整个赔付流程进入尾声之后,毕马威方面透露,仍有3.8%的客户因不满赔付结果而发起投诉,直接推迟了整个赔付计划结束的时间。</p>\n<p>但话又说回来,FCA等监管机构对交易者资金的保护,仅仅体现在平台破产之后的赔付吗?</p>\n<p>不是的,这些监管机构的贡献,还有在于一点——<b>资金隔离监管。</b></p>\n<p><b>三、资金隔离监管的重要性</b></p>\n<p>所谓资金隔离账户,就是单独存放客户资金的账户,确保客户与平台,客户与客户之间的资金分开管理。</p>\n<p>实行严格资金隔离的平台,一般都要做两件事:</p>\n<p><b>第一,使用银行的托管服务,将客户资金存放在不同的银行账户中,这部分资金只能由客户自己动用。</b></p>\n<p><b>第二,确保客户与客户之间的资金,保证金和存款分开管理。</b></p>\n<p>做好资金隔离,是一个合规平台的基本素养。否则,你可能不得不面对这些血淋淋的教训。</p>\n<p><b>案例一:DDT(Digital Dream Technology Limited)</b></p>\n<p>DDT表面上按照资金隔离规则将客户资金存放在新加坡、瑞士等国的银行账户中,<b>但其实所有账户的持有方都是隶属DDT的离岸实体。</b></p>\n<p>这几家离岸公司包括DST Global Venture Capital(俄罗斯)、AFA Fund Management Group(乌克兰) 、Partech Venture Capital(瑞典)、CVC Capital Partners(波兰)、Vista Equity Partners(白俄罗斯)等。DDT就是利用这些实体,通过信用卡取现,挪用了客户2.3亿美元的资金。</p>\n<p id=\"\"><img data-height=\"682\" data-viewer=\"https://img.dgrhw.net/upload/images/huihu/2021/02/25/203130287.png\" data-width=\"850\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/76d4e4a0232437fa999b0613ad7b134e.png\"></p>\n<p><b>案例二:GRMFX</b></p>\n<p>2020年8月份,新西兰FMA发出欺诈警告,向外界展示了GRMFX违规挪用客户资金的来龙去脉。</p>\n<p>根据FMA的调查,GRMFX几个老板通过在新西兰开通银行账户,秘密进行资金转移,并公布了相关账户信息。</p>\n<p id=\"\"><img data-height=\"666\" data-viewer=\"https://img.dgrhw.net/upload/images/huihu/2021/02/25/203202650.png\" data-width=\"701\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/e2c1540eac0c10f2b8f7971e6780de3c.png\"></p>\n<p>(FMA官网上公布的账号信息)</p>\n<p>据悉,在这丑闻曝光之前,GRMFX早在2020年年初就出现了延迟出金的问题。对此,GRMFX先后以疫情期间工作人员无法正常办公、老板确诊新冠影响公司运营等理由搪塞客户。</p>\n<p>只是没想到,原来从那时候开始,GRMFX就做好了转移资金的准备。</p>\n<p>看到这,相信大家不会再怀疑资金隔离监管的重要意义了吧?那么又有哪些监管机构的资金隔离监管做得最为出色呢?</p>\n<p>前面出镜率极高的FCA固然是个中翘楚,但这一次,我们不妨另找两个同样表现优秀的监管机构作为例子。</p>\n<p><b>第一个,澳大利亚ASIC。</b></p>\n<p>澳大利亚ASIC对旗下受监管平台的客户资金保护也非常上心,和FCA不同,<b>ASIC更着重与发生问题前的“预防”,而不是出现问题后的“补救”。</b></p>\n<p>根据相关要求,每一个持有澳大利亚金融服务牌照(AFSL)的经纪商,必须要做到这几件事:</p>\n<p><b>第一,每日和ASIC进行客户报告资金和持有资金对账</b>,而且每一个账户都需要对账,无一例外。</p>\n<p>第二,<b>每一个持牌经纪商都必须每个月按时提交对账报告(每个月结束后的头10个工作日内)</b>,内容要涵盖每一个客户的报告资金、账户交易纪录等。</p>\n<p>第三,<b>必须执行严格的资金隔离监管,所有零售客户的资金都要单独放在一个隔离账户中。</b></p>\n<p id=\"\"><img data-height=\"635\" data-viewer=\"https://img.dgrhw.net/upload/images/huihu/2021/02/25/203257197.png\" data-width=\"788\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/d7c89ab11f031ea4d708fac9ff2e81d7.png\"></p>\n<p>而像挪用客户资金充当经纪商营业资本,利用客户资金进行对冲交易等行为,更是明令禁止。</p>\n<p>值得一提的是,在2017年实施更严格的《客户资金报告规则》之后,ASIC这一套资金保护模式得到许多同行的肯定,<b>像塞浦路斯CySEC、以色列ISA等,都借鉴ASIC的做法,更新了自己的资金保护制度。</b></p>\n<p><b>第二个,瑞士FINMA。</b></p>\n<p>根据FINMA的规则,客户的资金是由该机构和第三方银行共同监管的。</p>\n<p>而比大多数监管机构更严格的是,<b>FINMA规定投资者开设交易账户时,他的资金就会自动进入隶属其个人的账户中进行隔离保护,经纪商无法私自动用。</b></p>\n<p>不过FINMA最大的优势还在于,背后有政府的支持:</p>\n<p>受FINMA监管的平台,其客户账户资金将按照瑞士银行的保险标准得到瑞士政府的保障(和上面提到的保险赔付计划结合)。<b>如果经纪商出现违约,客户索赔是完全受到法律保护的,监管机构也无权拒绝赔付。</b></p>\n<p>除了查监管资质之外,想知道平台有没有严格遵守资金隔离政策,还有一个办法:<b>检查账户信息</b>。</p>\n<p><b>出入金的银行账号信息是否一致(尤其是电汇信息),是检验资金隔离的重要标准。如果信息不一致,那就要提高警惕了。</b></p>\n<p><b>四、结语</b></p>\n<p>小编已经不记得和大家强调过多少次,<b>监管资质很重要,资金安全很重要。</b>虽然不是每个人都会遇上艾福瑞(英国)破产这种轰动事件,但像DDT和GRMFX这种转移资金的案例,还是相当常见的。</p>\n<p>我们可不要等到悲剧发生之后,才来后悔为什么当初选平台的时候没有重视监管牌照,为什么入金之前没有认真鉴别平台是否做好资金隔离。</p>\n<p><b>总而言之,一开始就做好万全准备,总比出事了再来伤心叹气更有用。</b></p><div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a 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