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债市连环爆击 美股恐迎大修正?

2026-10-27 08:33:53 网络 阅读(55)

《Zero Hedge》评论指出,若长天期美债殖利率继续走高,企业融资、股票估值与高杠杆部位将同步承压,美股发生大幅修正的风险也将升高。

债市连环爆击 美股恐迎大修正?

美债殖利率周四 (24 日) 攀至多年高点,市场对联准会 (Fed) 再度升息的预期升温。30 年期美债殖利率上升 5 个基点,至 5.456%,触及 2004 年以来最高水准。

与房贷利率密切相关的指标性 10 年期美债殖利率上升逾 4 个基点,至 5.162%,创 2007 年 7 月以来新高。

2 年期美债殖利率上升逾 1 个基点,至 4.908%,仍接近 2023 年高点。1 个基点等于 0.01 个百分点;债券价格与殖利率走势相反。

全球债市也出现卖压。日本 10 年期公债殖利率升至 1996 年 8 月以来最高;英国与德国公债殖利率同步走高,欧洲多种债券殖利率创下多年新高。

周四殖利率升势延续前一日的美债抛售潮。10 年期美债殖利率周三创下 2025 年 4 月 7 日以来最大单日升幅,交易员当时正消化优于预期的美国经济数据、联准会官员偏鹰派的发言,以及高油价。

美债殖利率持续攀升,正逐步改变支撑美股估值与杠杆交易的资金环境。

分析指出,通膨疑虑、美国政府庞大的举债需求、油价上涨,以及市场预期联准会 (Fed) 可能继续升息,均加剧债市卖压。

美股规模约 70 兆美元,但股票估值仍建立在债市决定的资金成本之上。规模超过 30 兆美元的美债市场,其殖利率会影响房贷、企业融资、私募股权交易、政府利息支出,以及投资人愿意为企业未来获利支付的价格。

当长期利率上升,股票估值采用的折现率随之提高,使企业未来获利换算至目前的价值下降。房贷与企业借款成本也会上升,私募股权及私人信贷交易更难取得融资,高杠杆企业则须以更高利率为到期债务再融资。

消费者的借贷支出及美国政府的偿债成本也将增加。评论指出,过去 20 年累积的资产价格与杠杆,很大程度建立在低利率与充裕流动性之上,利率持续走高将逐步削弱这套金融结构。

另一方面,美债殖利率升高,也会提高固定收益资产相对股票的吸引力。市场并不存在一个必然引发股灾的特定殖利率水准,但随着资金成本上升,金融体系承受的压力可能持续累积,直到部分高杠杆部位无法维持。

美国目前的债务规模使利率上升的影响更加明显。

美国联邦债务已突破 40 兆美元,美国国会预算办公室 (CBO) 预估,2026 会计年度联邦赤字约为 1.9 兆美元,公众持有的联邦债务约相当于国内生产毛额 (GDP) 的 101%。

美国联邦政府今年的净利息支出估计约为 1 兆美元,CBO 预测,到 2036 年可能增至 2.1 兆美元。这意味政府在持续举债的同时,也必须以更高成本为既有债务再融资。

联准会资料显示,今年第二季美国国内非金融债务约达 84 兆美元,其中家庭债务为 21.4 兆美元、企业债务约 24 兆美元,政府债务则为 38.7 兆美元。当债务基数如此庞大,即使利率仅小幅上升,也会明显增加整体利息负担。

股市杠杆同样处于高档。美国金融业监管局 (FINRA) 资料显示,8 月融资余额约为 1.45 兆美元,较一年前增加约 37%,6 月更一度达到创纪录的1.5兆美元。

股票上涨时,担保品价值提高,投资人可以借入更多资金并继续买进股票;一旦股价下跌,担保品价值缩水及追缴保证金压力,可能迫使投资人出售持股,使卖压进一步扩大。高杠杆因此可能把一般修正转化为更剧烈的跌势。

私人信贷与家庭财务也已浮现压力。美国家庭债务约为 18.8 兆美元,其中信用卡余额为 1.26 兆美元,汽车贷款约达 1.71 兆美元。今年第二季,约 7% 的正常信用卡余额以年化速度转为严重逾期;若利率继续上升,家庭偿债压力可能进一步加重。

与此同时,人工智慧 (AI) 基础建设越来越仰赖债务、租赁、担保及特殊目的机构筹措资金。相关报导显示,数千亿美元的 AI 投资可能透过担保安排进行,使部分融资不列入大型科技公司的资产负债表;若计入更广泛的表外义务,与 AI 生态系统有关的曝险规模可能达数兆美元。

分析还提到,超大规模云端业者的信用违约交换 (CDS) 利差已明显扩大,显示债市开始关注相关信用风险。此外,SpaceX 上市估值接近营收的 100 倍,加密货币市场规模也已达数兆美元,反映高估值与投机性资产仍广泛存在。

市场目前面对的组合,包括庞大的政府、家庭及企业债务,创纪录的股票融资余额、承受流动性压力的私人信贷市场、依靠复杂融资架构推进的 AI 投资,以及处于高档的资产估值。若无风险利率持续上升,多项压力可能同时浮现。

不过,债市走势仍是主要变数。若通膨降温、经济成长放缓,长天期美债殖利率明显回落,股票折现率及企业再融资压力均可望下降,现有估值也会较容易维持。

反之,如果市场逐渐认定 5% 以上的美债殖利率将成为常态,评论认为,目前依靠低资金成本建立的市场结构恐难以延续。届时,政策制定者最终可能采取殖利率曲线控制或其他强力干预措施。

分析预估,若政府在通膨与财政赤字问题仍未解决的情况下限制美债殖利率,金价可能大幅上涨,而每盎司 1 万美元目标也会提高实现机率。然而,在政策介入之前,市场可能须先经历足以迫使政府采取行动的剧烈调整。

美债殖利率若回稳,美股面临的压力可望缓解;若殖利率继续攀升,庞大杠杆、昂贵估值与更高融资成本相互作用,美股发生大规模修正的风险将越来越难以忽视。

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美国债务与股市融资余额高企,若5%以上殖利率成常态,美股大幅修正风险升高。",
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    "content": "<p>《Zero Hedge》评论指出,若长天期美债殖利率继续走高,企业融资、股票估值与高杠杆部位将同步承压,美股发生大幅修正的风险也将升高。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6615152/l/52a003a88b21808030c4de4af9f4a949.jpg\" alt=\"债市连环爆击 美股恐迎大修正?\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>美债殖利率周四 (24 日) 攀至多年高点,市场对联准会 (Fed) 再度升息的预期升温。30 年期美债殖利率上升 5 个基点,至 5.456%,触及 2004 年以来最高水准。</p>\n\n<p>与房贷利率密切相关的指标性 10 年期美债殖利率上升逾 4 个基点,至 5.162%,创 2007 年 7 月以来新高。</p>\n\n<p>2 年期美债殖利率上升逾 1 个基点,至 4.908%,仍接近 2023 年高点。1 个基点等于 0.01 个百分点;债券价格与殖利率走势相反。</p>\n\n<p>全球债市也出现卖压。日本 10 年期公债殖利率升至 1996 年 8 月以来最高;英国与德国公债殖利率同步走高,欧洲多种债券殖利率创下多年新高。</p>\n\n<p>周四殖利率升势延续前一日的美债抛售潮。10 年期美债殖利率周三创下 2025 年 4 月 7 日以来最大单日升幅,交易员当时正消化优于预期的美国经济数据、联准会官员偏鹰派的发言,以及高油价。</p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size:1.2em\"><em><strong>美债殖利率持续攀升,正逐步改变支撑美股估值与杠杆交易的资金环境。</strong></em></span></p>\n\n<p>分析指出,通膨疑虑、美国政府庞大的举债需求、油价上涨,以及市场预期联准会 (Fed) 可能继续升息,均加剧债市卖压。</p>\n\n<p>美股规模约 70 兆美元,但股票估值仍建立在债市决定的资金成本之上。规模超过 30 兆美元的美债市场,其殖利率会影响房贷、企业融资、私募股权交易、政府利息支出,以及投资人愿意为企业未来获利支付的价格。</p>\n\n<p>当长期利率上升,股票估值采用的折现率随之提高,使企业未来获利换算至目前的价值下降。房贷与企业借款成本也会上升,私募股权及私人信贷交易更难取得融资,高杠杆企业则须以更高利率为到期债务再融资。</p>\n\n<p>消费者的借贷支出及美国政府的偿债成本也将增加。评论指出,过去 20 年累积的资产价格与杠杆,很大程度建立在低利率与充裕流动性之上,利率持续走高将逐步削弱这套金融结构。</p>\n\n<p>另一方面,美债殖利率升高,也会提高固定收益资产相对股票的吸引力。市场并不存在一个必然引发股灾的特定殖利率水准,但随着资金成本上升,金融体系承受的压力可能持续累积,直到部分高杠杆部位无法维持。</p>\n\n<p>美国目前的债务规模使利率上升的影响更加明显。</p>\n\n<p>美国联邦债务已突破 40 兆美元,美国国会预算办公室 (CBO) 预估,2026 会计年度联邦赤字约为 1.9 兆美元,公众持有的联邦债务约相当于国内生产毛额 (GDP) 的 101%。</p>\n\n<p>美国联邦政府今年的净利息支出估计约为 1 兆美元,CBO 预测,到 2036 年可能增至 2.1 兆美元。这意味政府在持续举债的同时,也必须以更高成本为既有债务再融资。</p>\n\n<p>联准会资料显示,今年第二季美国国内非金融债务约达 84 兆美元,其中家庭债务为 21.4 兆美元、企业债务约 24 兆美元,政府债务则为 38.7 兆美元。当债务基数如此庞大,即使利率仅小幅上升,也会明显增加整体利息负担。</p>\n\n<p>股市杠杆同样处于高档。美国金融业监管局 (FINRA) 资料显示,8 月融资余额约为 1.45 兆美元,较一年前增加约 37%,6 月更一度达到创纪录的1.5兆美元。</p>\n\n<p>股票上涨时,担保品价值提高,投资人可以借入更多资金并继续买进股票;一旦股价下跌,担保品价值缩水及追缴保证金压力,可能迫使投资人出售持股,使卖压进一步扩大。高杠杆因此可能把一般修正转化为更剧烈的跌势。</p>\n\n<p>私人信贷与家庭财务也已浮现压力。美国家庭债务约为 18.8 兆美元,其中信用卡余额为 1.26 兆美元,汽车贷款约达 1.71 兆美元。今年第二季,约 7% 的正常信用卡余额以年化速度转为严重逾期;若利率继续上升,家庭偿债压力可能进一步加重。</p>\n\n<p>与此同时,人工智慧 (AI) 基础建设越来越仰赖债务、租赁、担保及特殊目的机构筹措资金。相关报导显示,数千亿美元的 AI 投资可能透过担保安排进行,使部分融资不列入大型科技公司的资产负债表;若计入更广泛的表外义务,与 AI 生态系统有关的曝险规模可能达数兆美元。</p>\n\n<p>分析还提到,超大规模云端业者的信用违约交换 (CDS) 利差已明显扩大,显示债市开始关注相关信用风险。此外,SpaceX 上市估值接近营收的 100 倍,加密货币市场规模也已达数兆美元,反映高估值与投机性资产仍广泛存在。</p>\n\n<p>市场目前面对的组合,包括庞大的政府、家庭及企业债务,创纪录的股票融资余额、承受流动性压力的私人信贷市场、依靠复杂融资架构推进的 AI 投资,以及处于高档的资产估值。若无风险利率持续上升,多项压力可能同时浮现。</p>\n\n<p>不过,债市走势仍是主要变数。若通膨降温、经济成长放缓,长天期美债殖利率明显回落,股票折现率及企业再融资压力均可望下降,现有估值也会较容易维持。</p>\n\n<p>反之,如果市场逐渐认定 5% 以上的美债殖利率将成为常态,评论认为,目前依靠低资金成本建立的市场结构恐难以延续。届时,政策制定者最终可能采取殖利率曲线控制或其他强力干预措施。</p>\n\n<p>分析预估,若政府在通膨与财政赤字问题仍未解决的情况下限制美债殖利率,金价可能大幅上涨,而每盎司 1 万美元目标也会提高实现机率。然而,在政策介入之前,市场可能须先经历足以迫使政府采取行动的剧烈调整。</p>\n\n<p>美债殖利率若回稳,美股面临的压力可望缓解;若殖利率继续攀升,庞大杠杆、昂贵估值与更高融资成本相互作用,美股发生大规模修正的风险将越来越难以忽视。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11028.html\" title=\"强行升息只会把事情搞砸!摩根大通策略师警告Fed别操之过急\">强行升息只会把事情搞砸!摩根大通策略师警告Fed别操之过急</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-8938.html\" title=\"盘后跳水!苹果财报解读:零件短缺拖累财测、iPhone与Mac强攻、服务及大中华失色、特纳斯接班\">盘后跳水!苹果财报解读:零件短缺拖累财测、iPhone与Mac强攻、服务及大中华失色、特纳斯接班</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6190.html\" title=\"AI资金大风吹!半导体已飙83% 华尔街喊换股 逢低布局科技七雄\">AI资金大风吹!半导体已飙83% 华尔街喊换股 逢低布局科技七雄</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3822.html\" title=\"Fed古尔斯比:服务通膨露曙光 但核心通膨仍过高且方向恶化\">Fed古尔斯比:服务通膨露曙光 但核心通膨仍过高且方向恶化</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-1789.html\" title=\"思科CEO解释股价为何创高:AI时代「基础设施就是王道」\">思科CEO解释股价为何创高:AI时代「基础设施就是王道」</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-4144.html\" title=\"网红「仿」美光CEO讽刺苹果涨价引热议!联想示警记忆体高价持续至2030年\">网红「仿」美光CEO讽刺苹果涨价引热议!联想示警记忆体高价持续至2030年</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-09-25T06:10:03.000Z",
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