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找不到股市利空证据!AI股7月暴跌只是误杀?知名投资人:基本面没问题

2026-08-21 23:03:07 钜亨网 阅读(15)

人工智慧(AI)概念股7月重挫后,市场开始质疑AI投资热潮是否降温,但知名科技投资人贝克(Gavin Baker)走访矽谷后认为,除了信用市场转趋紧缩与政策风险值得关注外,无论是超大型科技公司资本支出、AI算力需求、高频宽记忆体(HBM)供需,甚至辉达(NVDA-US) 与SpaceX(SPCX-US) 的长期成长潜力,都未出现足以支撑市场悲观情绪的基本面证据。

找不到股市利空证据!AI股7月暴跌只是误杀?知名投资人:基本面没问题

贝克指出,这波卖压的起点是Meta(META-US) 宣布将出租部分闲置算力,市场当时解读为公司准备缩减资本支出的警讯,股价应声下跌。

不过,他认为这是一场误会,并强调Meta的资本支出计划不仅没有缩水,甚至比先前更为积极,随后Meta推出效能亮眼的Llama新模型,也印证公司并未放缓脚步。

紧接着,包括Kimi K3在内的开源模型陆续问世,加上Silicon Data Token Index出现结构性变化,让市场担心开源阵营抢食市占,恐削弱整体AI基础建设的需求。

对此贝克反驳,不论是开源或闭源模型,产生每一个token所耗费的运算资源、记忆体与电力其实完全相同,开源模型抢市占,充其量只是把利润从尖端模型公司移转到基础建设层,对硬体需求并无实质冲击。

至于稍后传出的DUV曝光机设备相关传闻,虽曾一度重击半导体设备股,贝克也认为市场反应过了头,但不代表可以完全置之不理。

唯一得留意的警讯:信用市场降温

在众多触发因素中,贝克坦言唯一让他认真看待的变数是信用市场的变化。

他指出,实质利率走升、信用利差扩大都是不争的事实,近期Meta发债定价逊于预期,主要科技巨头的CDS利差也普遍走阔。

真正的关键问题在于,未来AI基础建设的庞大资金需求,究竟有多少必须仰赖举债。

贝克分析,微软(MSFT-US) 、Meta与亚马逊(AMZN-US) 的营运现金流成长率已从上一季的28%加速至32%,若剔除欧盟罚款等一次性项目,实质成长率更达35%,这样的加速幅度在如此庞大的营收基数下堪称可观。

他进一步推算,若超大规模云端业者能以目前Blackwell晶片的实际定价、而非较旧、较便宜世代的价格来反映其算力变现能力,整体营运现金流可能从市场目前预估的1.3兆至1.4兆美元跃升至约2兆美元,等于让约7000亿美元的潜在信贷需求从市场上消失。

换言之,若定价维持现有水准,未来几年的建设支出很可能不必再大举举债,靠自身现金流即可支应。

贝克也举出一个他认为最能反映市场真实状况的案例。

一家新创公司七个月前以每GPU每小时约2美元的价格租下一批Blackwell丛集,如今合约到期续约,报价竟接近4美元,涨幅达50%到60%,与外界原先预期价格将温和下滑的看法完全相反。

他另外提到,有推理云端业者已公开表示,合约到期后将支付比原先高出一倍的Blackwell租金,显示各大云端服务商恐怕都低估了自身潜在的获利能力。

贝克强调,他此行的目标正是尽力挖掘负面数据,但除了外界对Anthropic成长是否放缓存在争议之外,几乎找不到任何站得住脚的利空指标。

记忆体市场的博弈:违约长约形同自前程

贝克还花了相当篇幅讨论长期供应协议(LTA)在记忆体市场的关键角色。

他指出,高频宽记忆体是目前AI运算能力最大的瓶颈,单位算力搭配的记忆体愈多,能产出的token也愈多,是提升效率最重要的变数。

在此背景下,他以赛局理论分析违约长约的高昂代价。假设某云端业者在2027或2028年以市场供过于求为由试图砍价、片面违约,记忆体供应商大可将原本配额转给竞争对手,等于让违约者当场失去市占。

由于该产业具有明显的景气循环特性,供过于求之后往往紧接着供不应求,届时违约者恐难再获得优先分配。

贝克直言,在现今环境下,违约长约很可能直接摧毁一家公司的市场地位,而在过去并非如此。

辉达新商业模式遭市场低估

谈到辉达,贝克认为其目前的估值明显偏低。

他描述辉达正在推动一种「融资便利加收益分润」的新模式。一方面为GPU买家提供融资协助,另一方面在GPU售价高于特定门槛时参与分润,此举可能让辉达迅速打造出一个以权利金为主要收入来源的庞大云端事业版图。

贝克认为市场严重误解了这套商业模式,呼吁辉达加强对外沟通。他的理由是,当前市场上几乎没有比辉达GPU更容易融资的资产。

再加上辉达在土地与电力资源整合上的能力,以及对众多AI实验室的股权布局,该公司等于是在用庞大的自由现金流系统性强化自身的竞争护城河。

他形容,辉达目前的远期本益比处于近两年低点,显示市场几乎一致认定其获利能力被高估,但他在矽谷找不到支撑这种悲观看法的数据。

SpaceX算力野心同样被低估

贝克援引Substack作者Will Funda AI的分析指出,SpaceX计划在18个月内建成8吉瓦的算力规模,他坦言虽不敢断言马斯克一定能达标,但这无疑将是一项惊人的工程壮举。

他指出,以SpaceX目前每吉瓦约500亿美元的算力变现效率推算,加上市场对其明年营收730亿美元的共识预期,光是把握关键业务的年化经常性收入就可能很快突破100亿美元,这些潜力目前都尚未充分反映在估值当中。

他也提到创投公司Benchmark已投资轨道运算新创Star Cloud,该公司正与SpaceX合作开发星链雷射技术应用,言下之意这条路线虽然听起来大胆,却并非全无根据。

最大风险不在技术,而在政策

贝克最后点出,他真正感到不安的并非技术面或财务面,而是政策风险,他特别提到纽约市对资料中心开发喊卡一事。

他认为,整个AI产业近来在公共沟通上做得相当差,导致一般民众普遍误以为资料中心会推升电价、耗尽水资源、抢走工作机会。

对此他逐一反驳,多数资料中心选址协议实际上会让周边居民电价下降;而曾广为流传、估算资料中心用水量的学术著作被证实存在高达「四个数量级」的计算错误,作者本人也已多次公开承认;而资料中心创造的蓝领就业机会属于长期性质,并非短期效应。

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      "id": 37,
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    "description": "AI 概念股 7 月重挫引发市场质疑热潮降温,但知名科技投资人 Gavin Baker 走访矽谷后表示,Meta 资本支出、AI 算力需求、HBM 供需及辉达、SpaceX 成长潜力均未出现恶化迹象。他认为真正值得关注的",
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    "content": "<p>人工智慧(AI)概念股7月重挫后,市场开始质疑AI投资热潮是否降温,但知名科技投资人贝克(Gavin Baker)走访矽谷后认为,除了信用市场转趋紧缩与政策风险值得关注外,无论是超大型科技公司资本支出、AI算力需求、高频宽记忆体(HBM)供需,甚至辉达(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:NVDA:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">NVDA-US</a>) 与SpaceX(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:SPCX:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">SPCX-US</a>) 的长期成长潜力,都未出现足以支撑市场悲观情绪的基本面证据。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6560302/l/f8ee32b31c7f676791803f27e88eee5d.jpg\" alt=\"找不到股市利空证据!AI股7月暴跌只是误杀?知名投资人:基本面没问题\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>贝克指出,这波卖压的起点是Meta(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:META:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">META-US</a>) 宣布将出租部分闲置算力,市场当时解读为公司准备缩减资本支出的警讯,股价应声下跌。</p>\n\n<p>不过,他认为这是一场误会,并强调Meta的资本支出计划不仅没有缩水,甚至比先前更为积极,随后Meta推出效能亮眼的Llama新模型,也印证公司并未放缓脚步。</p>\n\n<p>紧接着,包括Kimi K3在内的开源模型陆续问世,加上Silicon Data Token Index出现结构性变化,让市场担心开源阵营抢食市占,恐削弱整体AI基础建设的需求。</p>\n\n<p>对此贝克反驳,不论是开源或闭源模型,产生每一个token所耗费的运算资源、记忆体与电力其实完全相同,开源模型抢市占,充其量只是把利润从尖端模型公司移转到基础建设层,对硬体需求并无实质冲击。</p>\n\n<p>至于稍后传出的DUV曝光机设备相关传闻,虽曾一度重击半导体设备股,贝克也认为市场反应过了头,但不代表可以完全置之不理。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>唯一</strong><strong>值</strong><strong>得留意的警讯:信用市场降温</strong></h6>\n\n<p>在众多触发因素中,贝克坦言唯一让他认真看待的变数是信用市场的变化。</p>\n\n<p>他指出,实质利率走升、信用利差扩大都是不争的事实,近期Meta发债定价逊于预期,主要科技巨头的CDS利差也普遍走阔。</p>\n\n<p>真正的关键问题在于,未来AI基础建设的庞大资金需求,究竟有多少必须仰赖举债。</p>\n\n<p>贝克分析,微软(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:MSFT:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">MSFT-US</a>) 、Meta与亚马逊(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:AMZN:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">AMZN-US</a>) 的营运现金流成长率已从上一季的28%加速至32%,若剔除欧盟罚款等一次性项目,实质成长率更达35%,这样的加速幅度在如此庞大的营收基数下堪称可观。</p>\n\n<p>他进一步推算,若超大规模云端业者能以目前Blackwell晶片的实际定价、而非较旧、较便宜世代的价格来反映其算力变现能力,整体营运现金流可能从市场目前预估的1.3兆至1.4兆美元跃升至约2兆美元,等于让约7000亿美元的潜在信贷需求从市场上消失。</p>\n\n<p>换言之,若定价维持现有水准,未来几年的建设支出很可能不必再大举举债,靠自身现金流即可支应。</p>\n\n<p>贝克也举出一个他认为最能反映市场真实状况的案例。</p>\n\n<p>一家新创公司七个月前以每GPU每小时约2美元的价格租下一批Blackwell丛集,如今合约到期续约,报价竟接近4美元,涨幅达50%到60%,与外界原先预期价格将温和下滑的看法完全相反。</p>\n\n<p>他另外提到,有推理云端业者已公开表示,合约到期后将支付比原先高出一倍的Blackwell租金,显示各大云端服务商恐怕都低估了自身潜在的获利能力。</p>\n\n<p>贝克强调,他此行的目标正是尽力挖掘负面数据,但除了外界对Anthropic成长是否放缓存在争议之外,几乎找不到任何站得住脚的利空指标。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>记忆体市场的博弈:违约长约形同自</strong><strong>毁</strong><strong>前程</strong></h6>\n\n<p>贝克还花了相当篇幅讨论长期供应协议(LTA)在记忆体市场的关键角色。</p>\n\n<p>他指出,高频宽记忆体是目前AI运算能力最大的瓶颈,单位算力搭配的记忆体愈多,能产出的token也愈多,是提升效率最重要的变数。</p>\n\n<p>在此背景下,他以赛局理论分析违约长约的高昂代价。假设某云端业者在2027或2028年以市场供过于求为由试图砍价、片面违约,记忆体供应商大可将原本配额转给竞争对手,等于让违约者当场失去市占。</p>\n\n<p>由于该产业具有明显的景气循环特性,供过于求之后往往紧接着供不应求,届时违约者恐难再获得优先分配。</p>\n\n<p>贝克直言,在现今环境下,违约长约很可能直接摧毁一家公司的市场地位,而在过去并非如此。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>辉达新商业模式遭市场低估</strong></h6>\n\n<p>谈到辉达,贝克认为其目前的估值明显偏低。</p>\n\n<p>他描述辉达正在推动一种「融资便利加收益分润」的新模式。一方面为GPU买家提供融资协助,另一方面在GPU售价高于特定门槛时参与分润,此举可能让辉达迅速打造出一个以权利金为主要收入来源的庞大云端事业版图。</p>\n\n<p>贝克认为市场严重误解了这套商业模式,呼吁辉达加强对外沟通。他的理由是,当前市场上几乎没有比辉达GPU更容易融资的资产。</p>\n\n<p>再加上辉达在土地与电力资源整合上的能力,以及对众多AI实验室的股权布局,该公司等于是在用庞大的自由现金流系统性强化自身的竞争护城河。</p>\n\n<p>他形容,辉达目前的远期本益比处于近两年低点,显示市场几乎一致认定其获利能力被高估,但他在矽谷找不到支撑这种悲观看法的数据。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>SpaceX</strong><strong>算力野心同样被低估</strong></h6>\n\n<p>贝克援引Substack作者Will Funda AI的分析指出,SpaceX计划在18个月内建成8吉瓦的算力规模,他坦言虽不敢断言马斯克一定能达标,但这无疑将是一项惊人的工程壮举。</p>\n\n<p>他指出,以SpaceX目前每吉瓦约500亿美元的算力变现效率推算,加上市场对其明年营收730亿美元的共识预期,光是把握关键业务的年化经常性收入就可能很快突破100亿美元,这些潜力目前都尚未充分反映在估值当中。</p>\n\n<p>他也提到创投公司Benchmark已投资轨道运算新创Star Cloud,该公司正与SpaceX合作开发星链雷射技术应用,言下之意这条路线虽然听起来大胆,却并非全无根据。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>最大风险不在技术,而在政策</strong></h6>\n\n<p>贝克最后点出,他真正感到不安的并非技术面或财务面,而是政策风险,他特别提到纽约市对资料中心开发喊卡一事。</p>\n\n<p>他认为,整个AI产业近来在公共沟通上做得相当差,导致一般民众普遍误以为资料中心会推升电价、耗尽水资源、抢走工作机会。</p>\n\n<p>对此他逐一反驳,多数资料中心选址协议实际上会让周边居民电价下降;而曾广为流传、估算资料中心用水量的学术著作被证实存在高达「四个数量级」的计算错误,作者本人也已多次公开承认;而资料中心创造的蓝领就业机会属于长期性质,并非短期效应。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6677.html\" title=\"SK海力士ADR暴涨27% HBM价格看涨 巴克莱喊买 目标价上看330美元\">SK海力士ADR暴涨27% HBM价格看涨 巴克莱喊买 目标价上看330美元</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6871.html\" title=\"AI与HBM需求引爆 半导体设备股回档25% 杰富瑞估2028年WFE市场规模大增66%\">AI与HBM需求引爆 半导体设备股回档25% 杰富瑞估2028年WFE市场规模大增66%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-4546.html\" title=\"重大技术突破!传OpenAI提升技术助推理成本砍半 GPU用量骤降至数百颗\">重大技术突破!传OpenAI提升技术助推理成本砍半 GPU用量骤降至数百颗</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3668.html\" title=\"传苹果已解决铰链难题 iPhone Fold最快7月量产、9月亮相\">传苹果已解决铰链难题 iPhone Fold最快7月量产、9月亮相</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11542.html\" title=\"辉达5000亿AI融资计划藏隐忧?川普顾问示警「暗GPU」:AI算力过剩恐引爆投资危机\">辉达5000亿AI融资计划藏隐忧?川普顾问示警「暗GPU」:AI算力过剩恐引爆投资危机</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-9017.html\" title=\"美国多名参议员 阻挠苹果采购中国记忆体晶片\">美国多名参议员 阻挠苹果采购中国记忆体晶片</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-08-05T22:10:03.000Z",
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