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辉达黄仁勋为何力挺开源AI?25家科技巨头联署公开信 背后商业盘算一次看懂

2026-09-13 13:18:09 网络 阅读(59)

一封联署公开信,加上辉达 (NVDA-US) 执行长黄仁勋个人推特帐号的第一则贴文,让美国人工智慧(AI)产业内部酝酿已久的路线之争浮上台面。

辉达黄仁勋为何力挺开源AI?25家科技巨头联署公开信  背后商业盘算一次看懂

7 月 24 日,微软 (MSFT-US) 官网刊出一封题为《开放权重与美国 AI 领导力》(Open Weights and American AI Leadership)的公开信,诉求核心只有一个:呼吁美国政府不要对开源 AI 模型设限。

连署名单涵盖辉达、微软、Meta(META-US) 、IBM(IBM-US) 、戴尔科技 (DELL-US) 、Palantir(PLTR-US) 、ServiceNow(NOW-US) 、Hugging Face、Mistral、Y Combinator、a16z 与 Linux 基金会等 25 家企业与机构,横跨晶片制造、云端服务、模型开发、开源社群与创投圈。

信中提出六大论点,直指当前华府政策风向,包括:

一、开源 AI 可降低整体产业进入门槛,而非只是提供免费模型

公开信指出,开放模型权重可让新创公司、大型企业、大学及政府机构,不必从零开始训练模型,也无须为每项 AI 应用都支付使用最先进闭源模型的高昂成本,进而降低 AI 技术的导入门槛。

二、开源有助避免 AI 市场被少数科技巨头垄断

公开信认为,允许更多企业与机构自行建置、调整及部署 AI 模型,有助于促进晶片、云端平台、应用软体及服务等各层面的市场竞争,不仅能降低成本,也能让 AI 所创造的经济效益更广泛地分配。

三、企业应掌握 AI 主导权,而非受制于供应商

公开信强调,采用开源模型可让组织自行管理资料、评估与调整模型,并依照自身需求完成部署,同时透过持续优化模型累积专属知识与竞争优势,而非受限於单一供应商。

四、开源不代表较危险,闭源也并非安全保证

公开信指出,将 AI 模型封闭并不必然代表更安全。闭源模型同样可能遭到入侵或遭滥用,而且由于缺乏外部检视机制,问题未必能及时被发现。此外,若关键 AI 技术高度集中于少数供应商,本身也可能形成单点失效的风险。

五、AI 确实存在风险,但全面限制开源并非最佳解方

公开信认为,随着攻击者也开始利用先进 AI 技术,防御方同样需要具备相当能力的 AI 模型,才能有效侦测、模拟并应对各类威胁。因此,监管措施应建立在可验证的实际风险之上,而不是预设闭源模式一定比开源更安全。

六、模型蒸馏与侵权盗用不应混为一谈

公开信指出,模型蒸馏本身是 AI 领域广泛采用的模型优化技术,真正需要规范的是非法撷取闭源模型商业价值的行为。相关问题应透过更精准的法律制度与商业规范解决,而非直接限制整项技术的发展。

黄仁勋开帐号两个月,首推就押注开源立场

公开信发布后不久,黄仁勋在个人推特发出他六月才开通帐号以来的第一则贴文,内容表明辉达已签署这封信,并强调 AI 将改变每个产业、驱动每家公司,也会由每个国家共同打造。

(图:黄仁勋 X)
(图:黄仁勋 X

黄仁勋认为,开源模型有助于强化安全与网路防御、加速创新与扩散,同时让各国得以建立自主的 AI 能力。

这则贴文之所以引发关注,不仅在于内容本身,更在于黄仁勋选择的时机与方式:坐拥八万三千余名追踪者、掌管市值兆美元企业的执行长,开通帐号后的首篇贴文,并未选择宣布新产品、公布财报或展示晶片产能,而是全力聚焦在「开放模型至关重要」这件事上。

值得注意的是,这并非本月唯一一封相关公开信。7 月 22 日,由 Little Tech Association 发起、近 200 家矽谷新创企业联署的另一封信,立场更为直接,明确反对美国政府全面禁止中国开源模型。

相较于微软版公开信偏向政策论述与宏观说理,这封新创连署信的语气更具对抗性,诉求也更聚焦:不要禁止中国开源模型。

两封信的共同导火线,指向同一个事件,即中国 AI 新创月之暗面(Moonshot AI)稍早发布的开源模型 Kimi K3。

Kimi K3 成导火线,冲击美方「闭源性能领先」假设

7 月 16 日,月之暗面发布参数规模达 2.8 兆的开源模型 Kimi K3。

根据报导,该模型在前端程式码竞技场的评测中,表现超越了 Anthropic 与 OpenAI 的前沿模型,性能已逼近美国最先进的闭源系统,但 API 定价仅为对手的三到五分之一。

这项发展冲击了美国 AI 产业长期以来的一项预设:开源模型的性能天花板必然低于闭源模型。

消息传出后,川普政府内部随即传出讨论「封禁中国开源 AI 模型」的可能性;OpenAI 新任战略未来事务主管 Dean Ball 公开建议政府应「围绕中国开源权重模型制造大量监管风险」;投资人 David Sacks 则批评,此举本质上是「披着国家安全外衣的监管俘获」。

辉达的商业盘算:开源愈盛,晶片需求愈旺

分析认为,外界或许会把黄仁勋力挺开源 AI 解读为理念使然,但从商业角度来看,辉达的利益其实与开源生态高度一致。

原因主要有三个。

首先,开源模型愈普及,对 GPU 的需求就愈庞大。

每出现一个开源模型,就代表更多企业需要进行模型微调、部署、推论与客制化开发,进而带动更多算力需求。

相较之下,若市场最终只剩少数几家闭源模型主导,大部分运算需求将集中在少数业者手中,不仅采购更集中,也可能削弱辉达在整体市场的成长空间与议价能力。

其次,「主权 AI」已成为辉达近年积极推动的重要策略。

愈来愈多国家希望建立本土 AI 能力,利用本国资料打造符合自身需求的大型语言模型,而这类计划多半建立在开源模型之上,再搭配本地资料进行训练与微调。

黄仁勋日前在社群平台提到的「实现 AI 主权」,不只是理念宣示,也反映辉达目前积极拓展全球市场的重要方向。

第三,辉达并不希望 AI 市场规则完全由 OpenAI 与 Anthropic 等闭源模型业者主导。

近年来,部分闭源 AI 公司持续支持更严格的模型出口管制与监管制度。如果相关规范愈来愈严格,最直接受惠的将是少数掌握先进闭源模型的平台业者;相对而言,像辉达、Meta,以及同样拥抱开源生态的企业,将面临较大的发展限制。

OpenAI 与 Anthropic 缺席连署 阵营分野浮现

值得留意的是,这份 25 家企业联署名单中,并未见到 OpenAI 与 Anthropic 的身影。

两家公司先前立场已多次表态:OpenAI 首席战略长 Jason Kwon 曾在国会听证会上多次警告,开源模型可能遭「对手国家」利用;Anthropic 执行长 Dario Amodei 也倾向支持更严格的模型权重出口管制。

由此,美国 AI 产业内部形成三方角力:

  • 以 OpenAI、Anthropic 为首的闭源阵营倾向支持管制,以巩固自身技术与商业护城河;
  • 以 Meta、辉达、微软与数百家新创为主的开源阵营则反对设限,力求维持既有商业模式与市场空间;
  • 而政府鹰派则试图以「国家安全」为由,限制中国开源模型的扩散。
开放边界之争,牵动全球 AI 生态走向

分析称,公开信反复强调的「美国 AI 领导力」,背后真正的忧虑在于:随着 Kimi K3、DeepSeek、Qwen 等中国开源模型持续获得国际开发者采用,若美方进一步收紧政策,恐加速这股转移趋势,而非有效遏制。

无论如何,黄仁勋选在此刻开通个人社群帐号,并将人生首则贴文押注在开源议题上,被外界解读为一次精心设计的产业表态,对内向华府传递讯号,提醒决策者科技业内部并非铁板一块,不应为少数企业的利益牺牲整体生态;对外则向全球开发者与客户重申,辉达仍是开源阵营的坚定支持者。

随着美国政府是否进一步限制开源 AI 模型、中国开源模型能否持续在美部署等问题陆续浮上台面,这场围绕「AI 开放边界该由谁划定」的产业角力,预料在未来数月仍将持续发酵。

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          "id": 43,
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          "id": 45,
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    "img": "https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6545687/l/f60c89433816b022f8e3515c3b180857.jpg",
    "content": "<p>一封联署公开信,加上辉达 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:NVDA:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">NVDA-US</a>) 执行长黄仁勋个人推特帐号的第一则贴文,让美国人工智慧(AI)产业内部酝酿已久的路线之争浮上台面。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6545687/l/f60c89433816b022f8e3515c3b180857.jpg\" alt=\"辉达黄仁勋为何力挺开源AI?25家科技巨头联署公开信  背后商业盘算一次看懂\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>7 月 24 日,微软 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:MSFT:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">MSFT-US</a>) 官网刊出一封题为《开放权重与美国 AI 领导力》(Open Weights and American AI Leadership)的公开信,诉求核心只有一个:呼吁美国政府不要对开源 AI 模型设限。</p>\n\n<p>连署名单涵盖辉达、微软、Meta(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:META:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">META-US</a>) 、IBM(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:IBM:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">IBM-US</a>) 、戴尔科技 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:DELL:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">DELL-US</a>) 、Palantir(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:PLTR:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">PLTR-US</a>) 、ServiceNow(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:NOW:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">NOW-US</a>) 、Hugging Face、Mistral、Y Combinator、a16z 与 Linux 基金会等 25 家企业与机构,横跨晶片制造、云端服务、模型开发、开源社群与创投圈。</p>\n\n<p>信中提出六大论点,直指当前华府政策风向,包括:</p>\n\n<p>一、开源 AI 可降低整体产业进入门槛,而非只是提供免费模型</p>\n\n<p>公开信指出,开放模型权重可让新创公司、大型企业、大学及政府机构,不必从零开始训练模型,也无须为每项 AI 应用都支付使用最先进闭源模型的高昂成本,进而降低 AI 技术的导入门槛。</p>\n\n<p>二、开源有助避免 AI 市场被少数科技巨头垄断</p>\n\n<p>公开信认为,允许更多企业与机构自行建置、调整及部署 AI 模型,有助于促进晶片、云端平台、应用软体及服务等各层面的市场竞争,不仅能降低成本,也能让 AI 所创造的经济效益更广泛地分配。</p>\n\n<p>三、企业应掌握 AI 主导权,而非受制于供应商</p>\n\n<p>公开信强调,采用开源模型可让组织自行管理资料、评估与调整模型,并依照自身需求完成部署,同时透过持续优化模型累积专属知识与竞争优势,而非受限於单一供应商。</p>\n\n<p>四、开源不代表较危险,闭源也并非安全保证</p>\n\n<p>公开信指出,将 AI 模型封闭并不必然代表更安全。闭源模型同样可能遭到入侵或遭滥用,而且由于缺乏外部检视机制,问题未必能及时被发现。此外,若关键 AI 技术高度集中于少数供应商,本身也可能形成单点失效的风险。</p>\n\n<p>五、AI 确实存在风险,但全面限制开源并非最佳解方</p>\n\n<p>公开信认为,随着攻击者也开始利用先进 AI 技术,防御方同样需要具备相当能力的 AI 模型,才能有效侦测、模拟并应对各类威胁。因此,监管措施应建立在可验证的实际风险之上,而不是预设闭源模式一定比开源更安全。</p>\n\n<p>六、模型蒸馏与侵权盗用不应混为一谈</p>\n\n<p>公开信指出,模型蒸馏本身是 AI 领域广泛采用的模型优化技术,真正需要规范的是非法撷取闭源模型商业价值的行为。相关问题应透过更精准的法律制度与商业规范解决,而非直接限制整项技术的发展。</p>\n\n<h6>黄仁勋开帐号两个月,首推就押注开源立场</h6>\n\n<p>公开信发布后不久,黄仁勋在个人推特发出他六月才开通帐号以来的第一则贴文,内容表明辉达已签署这封信,并强调 AI 将改变每个产业、驱动每家公司,也会由每个国家共同打造。</p>\n\n<figure><img alt=\"(图:黄仁勋 X)\" data-height=\"290\" data-mime=\"image/png\" data-ratio=\"2.0448275862068965\" data-src-m=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6545687/m/973e71e712022470cdf8ce7083f29991.jpg\" data-width=\"593\" src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6545687/l/973e71e712022470cdf8ce7083f29991.jpg\">\n<figcaption>(图:<a href=\"https://x.com/JensenHuang/status/2080643682408321103\">黄仁勋 X</a>)</figcaption>\n</figure>\n\n<p>黄仁勋认为,开源模型有助于强化安全与网路防御、加速创新与扩散,同时让各国得以建立自主的 AI 能力。</p>\n\n<p>这则贴文之所以引发关注,不仅在于内容本身,更在于黄仁勋选择的时机与方式:坐拥八万三千余名追踪者、掌管市值兆美元企业的执行长,开通帐号后的首篇贴文,并未选择宣布新产品、公布财报或展示晶片产能,而是全力聚焦在「开放模型至关重要」这件事上。</p>\n\n<p>值得注意的是,这并非本月唯一一封相关公开信。7 月 22 日,由 Little Tech Association 发起、近 200 家矽谷新创企业联署的另一封信,立场更为直接,明确反对美国政府全面禁止中国开源模型。</p>\n\n<p>相较于微软版公开信偏向政策论述与宏观说理,这封新创连署信的语气更具对抗性,诉求也更聚焦:不要禁止中国开源模型。</p>\n\n<p>两封信的共同导火线,指向同一个事件,即中国 AI 新创月之暗面(Moonshot AI)稍早发布的开源模型 Kimi K3。</p>\n\n<h6>Kimi K3 成导火线,冲击美方「闭源性能领先」假设</h6>\n\n<p>7 月 16 日,月之暗面发布参数规模达 2.8 兆的开源模型 Kimi K3。</p>\n\n<p>根据报导,该模型在前端程式码竞技场的评测中,表现超越了 Anthropic 与 OpenAI 的前沿模型,性能已逼近美国最先进的闭源系统,但 API 定价仅为对手的三到五分之一。</p>\n\n<p>这项发展冲击了美国 AI 产业长期以来的一项预设:开源模型的性能天花板必然低于闭源模型。</p>\n\n<p>消息传出后,川普政府内部随即传出讨论「封禁中国开源 AI 模型」的可能性;OpenAI 新任战略未来事务主管 Dean Ball 公开建议政府应「围绕中国开源权重模型制造大量监管风险」;投资人 David Sacks 则批评,此举本质上是「披着国家安全外衣的监管俘获」。</p>\n\n<h6>辉达的商业盘算:开源愈盛,晶片需求愈旺</h6>\n\n<p>分析认为,外界或许会把黄仁勋力挺开源 AI 解读为理念使然,但从商业角度来看,辉达的利益其实与开源生态高度一致。</p>\n\n<p>原因主要有三个。</p>\n\n<p>首先,开源模型愈普及,对 GPU 的需求就愈庞大。</p>\n\n<p>每出现一个开源模型,就代表更多企业需要进行模型微调、部署、推论与客制化开发,进而带动更多算力需求。</p>\n\n<p>相较之下,若市场最终只剩少数几家闭源模型主导,大部分运算需求将集中在少数业者手中,不仅采购更集中,也可能削弱辉达在整体市场的成长空间与议价能力。</p>\n\n<p>其次,「主权 AI」已成为辉达近年积极推动的重要策略。</p>\n\n<p>愈来愈多国家希望建立本土 AI 能力,利用本国资料打造符合自身需求的大型语言模型,而这类计划多半建立在开源模型之上,再搭配本地资料进行训练与微调。</p>\n\n<p>黄仁勋日前在社群平台提到的「实现 AI 主权」,不只是理念宣示,也反映辉达目前积极拓展全球市场的重要方向。</p>\n\n<p>第三,辉达并不希望 AI 市场规则完全由 OpenAI 与 Anthropic 等闭源模型业者主导。</p>\n\n<p>近年来,部分闭源 AI 公司持续支持更严格的模型出口管制与监管制度。如果相关规范愈来愈严格,最直接受惠的将是少数掌握先进闭源模型的平台业者;相对而言,像辉达、Meta,以及同样拥抱开源生态的企业,将面临较大的发展限制。</p>\n\n<h6>OpenAI 与 Anthropic 缺席连署 阵营分野浮现</h6>\n\n<p>值得留意的是,这份 25 家企业联署名单中,并未见到 OpenAI 与 Anthropic 的身影。</p>\n\n<p>两家公司先前立场已多次表态:OpenAI 首席战略长 Jason Kwon 曾在国会听证会上多次警告,开源模型可能遭「对手国家」利用;Anthropic 执行长 Dario Amodei 也倾向支持更严格的模型权重出口管制。</p>\n\n<p>由此,美国 AI 产业内部形成三方角力:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>以 OpenAI、Anthropic 为首的闭源阵营倾向支持管制,以巩固自身技术与商业护城河;</li>\n<li>以 Meta、辉达、微软与数百家新创为主的开源阵营则反对设限,力求维持既有商业模式与市场空间;</li>\n<li>而政府鹰派则试图以「国家安全」为由,限制中国开源模型的扩散。</li>\n</ul>\n\n<h6>开放边界之争,牵动全球 AI 生态走向</h6>\n\n<p>分析称,公开信反复强调的「美国 AI 领导力」,背后真正的忧虑在于:随着 Kimi K3、DeepSeek、Qwen 等中国开源模型持续获得国际开发者采用,若美方进一步收紧政策,恐加速这股转移趋势,而非有效遏制。</p>\n\n<p>无论如何,黄仁勋选在此刻开通个人社群帐号,并将人生首则贴文押注在开源议题上,被外界解读为一次精心设计的产业表态,对内向华府传递讯号,提醒决策者科技业内部并非铁板一块,不应为少数企业的利益牺牲整体生态;对外则向全球开发者与客户重申,辉达仍是开源阵营的坚定支持者。</p>\n\n<p>随着美国政府是否进一步限制开源 AI 模型、中国开源模型能否持续在美部署等问题陆续浮上台面,这场围绕「AI 开放边界该由谁划定」的产业角力,预料在未来数月仍将持续发酵。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-575.html\" title=\"华尔街掀AI培训热潮!单日2.5万美元课程爆满\">华尔街掀AI培训热潮!单日2.5万美元课程爆满</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-13836.html\" title=\"卢特尼克:川普政府拟推「具针对性、审慎规划」晶片关税政策\">卢特尼克:川普政府拟推「具针对性、审慎规划」晶片关税政策</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6001.html\" title=\"AI交易风向变了?「买晶片、卖软体」策略开始松动\">AI交易风向变了?「买晶片、卖软体」策略开始松动</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-14680.html\" title=\"英特尔CPU传10月再涨10%!陈立武检视低毛利产品、拚毛利率告别价格战\">英特尔CPU传10月再涨10%!陈立武检视低毛利产品、拚毛利率告别价格战</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-14272.html\" 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